Intestinal homeostasis in health and disease - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
3 important questions on Intestinal homeostasis in health and disease - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
What are the symptoms of IBD?
Abdominal pain, cramps and bloody diarrhoea
Chronic repetitions of relapses and remisions.
Treatment trought immunosuppressive medication for symptoms or removal of intestines (in UC also the removal of entire colon)
What role does NOD2 have in IBD?
NOD2 was one of the first genes implicated in Crohn´s disease susceptibility . It a cytosolic PRR that has the genetic variantions most strongly asocited with Crohn´s disease.
Expression of NOD2 occurs specificly in the epithelium at the bottom of the crypts and mainly in Paneth cells which release an array of defence mechanisms into the lume of the crypts )defensins and proteins'
This one and other are specifiv to CD not to UC
What can cause changes in intestinal microbiota in IBD?
Pathogenic factors
secondary responses to an infammatoru environment or alterations induces by genetic differences.
Decreased firmicutes -> are anti-inflamatory
IBd have increaed presence of some E. coli strains which disrut the epithelium in vitro which enebles them to penetrate. and induce inflamations.
decreased Akkermansie municiphila - > UC and CD ,
UC: higher abundacne of proteobacteria and actinobaceria. And decreased firmicutes and beteriodetes.
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