Read the summary and the most important questions on Health and husbandry

• 1 Health and husbandry

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• What are the basic rules of health checking?

  
  Start at the front, work backwards finishing with the rear end.
  Wear PPE e.g. gloves, scrub top (possibly gauntlets/goggles depending on species)
  May need more than 1 person depending on species e.g.1 restraining & 1 health checking
  Health check record should be filled in
  Behaviour, feeding, faeces/urine should also be monitored 

• Clinical signs of HYPERTHERMIA? (Overly hot)

  
  Rapid breathing, panting/open mouth breathing, increased heart rate, dizziness, nausea, dehydration, low blood pressure, red mucous membranes
  
  
  How body cools down:
  Panting, relocating to a different area, increased drinking, reduced movement, stretched out posture

• Clinical signs of HYPOTHERMIA? (Overly cold)

  
  Shivering, lethargy, disorientation, pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, low heart/resp rate
  
  
  How body warms up:
  Shivering, increased energy intake, curled up posture

• Animal Welfare Act 2006

  
  Aims: Improve welfare of animals by setting ‘rules’ about the welfare of animals and to set the standards at which they are kept. It makes it a criminal offence to allow an animal to suffer unnecessarily. It places a duty of care on owner to ensure animals 5 needs are met.

• Welfare of Animals at Market Order 1993

  
  Aims: Ensuring that all animals are provided with their 5 welfare needs and to ensure that appropriate legal action is taken on those who fail to provide for an animals welfare needs.
  
  Offences:
  Selling an animal that is unfit for market. 
  Using and excessive amount force to control an animal.
  Using something as way of encouraging an animal to move
  Tormenting any animals. 
  It is also necessary to handle and tie animals in a specific way. 

• Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966

  
  Aims: Ensures that only those who are a registered veterinary surgeon can carry out surgery. 
  
  Protects the health and safety of the animal and ensures that they will be treated by a qualified professional who knows what their doing. 

• Welfare of Farmed Animals Regulations 2007

  
  Aims: A person responsible for a farmed animal must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the conditions under which it is bred or kept are correct.
  
  A person responsible for a farmed animal must not attend to the animal unless he is acquainted with any relevant code of practice and has access to the code while attending to the animal.

• Welfare of Animals Regulations 1999 (slaughter or killing).

  
  Aims: Ensures that no one without the correct knowledge and skill should be involved in the movement, restraint, stunning, slaughter or killing of animals. They must not cause any avoidable excitement, pain or suffering to any animal.
  
  They must perform those tasks as humanely and efficiently as possible in accordance with Regulations. The main aims are to reduce the suffering as much as possible. 

• Entry route of infection

  
  
  Ingestion – Via the mouth
  Inhalation – Via the lungs
  Transdermal – Through the skin
  Skin contact – Parasites
  Across the mucous membranes
  Transplacental – Across the placental

• What is a pathogen?

  A biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.
  
  Types of Pathogenic Disease: Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic.