Read the summary and the most important questions on Health Psychology (Eva O.)

• 1 Week 1

• 1.1 Hospitalisation

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• When does a person seek help w/in feeling ill

  Notice symptoms -> interpret -> react -> health care 
  
  

  • There is a delay in this 
  • Per level there can be a different delay 

• What are the five illness cognitions

  A patients own common sense beliefs about their illness
  

  1. Identity (diagnosis, symptoms)
     
  2. Perceived cause of illness (stress, a virus, unhealthy lifestyle)
  3. Time line (acute or chronic)
  4. Consequences (physical; pain, emotional; anxiety, lack of social contact)
  5. Cure and control (taking medication; taking rest)

• Why is an illness a crisis

  Illness is a crisis because it is a turning point in an individual's life 
  

  • Disruption to patterns -> state of psychological, social, and physical disequilibrium 

• Illness as a crisis causes changes in

  1. Identity
     
  2. Location
  3. Role
  4. Social support 
  5. future

• What does the person need to adjust to when in a crisis?

  Must adjust to
  
  

  • Symptoms of the disease
  • Stress of treatment
  • Feelings of vulnerability
  • Loss of control
  • Threat to self-esteem
  • Financial concerns
  • Changes in family structure

• What are the four hospital stressors

  1. Illness
     
  1. Lack of control, unpredictable, cause and outcome unclear, limited prior experience, ambiguous
  2. Treatment 
  1. Uncomfortable, painful procedures, lack of information, pre-operative anxiety, quick decisions needed 
  3. Recovery 
  1. uncertainty about implications, worries about self-care after discharge from hospital 
  4. Hospital environment 
  1. Sleep disturbance, separated from family, lack of control, loss of autonomy, communication difficulties w/ hospital staff

• 1.2 Chapter: stressful medial procedures

• What are the different coping methods

  1. Appraisal-focused coping: attempts to understand the illness and search for meaning
     
  2. Problem-focused coping: dealing w/ the problem and redefining it as (or reconstructing) manageable 
  3. Emotion-focused coping: managing emotions and maintaining emotional equilibrium 

• How to relief stress during hospitalization (interventions)

  • Providing information
    
  • Cognitive therapy
  • Psycho-eduction
  • Modelling
  • Giving control back (PCA-pomp)
  • Music
  • Virtual reality applications 

• The difference between monitors and blunters

  Monitors: patients who focus on the threatening situation or seek Information to prepare themselves
  
  
  Blunters: patients apply a coping style of avoidance more open for distraction 

• Relief stress interventions for pediatric patients

  • Focus on procedural information
    
  • focus on sensory information (experiences)
  • Aged 2-7: combine verbal information w/pictures 
  • Medical play
  • Modelling
  • Social learning
  • Play situations
  • Hypnosis
  • Distraction
  • Give back control (autonomy)
  • Close physical contact 
  • First exposure