Using Social Cognition Models to Develop Health Behaviours Interventions
11 important questions on Using Social Cognition Models to Develop Health Behaviours Interventions
Social cognition models
- social cognitive theory (Bandura)
- the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein)
- the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen) → most well-know model
- the health belief model (Strecher & Rosenstock)
- protection motivation theory (Rogers)
- the 'continuum' version of the health action process approach; HAPA-C (Schwarzer)
- information-motivation-behavioral skills model
Theories inform us which variables should be targeted in interventions.
Advantages Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
1) general theory (not health or behaviour specific)
2) constructs (and causal relationships) clearly defined
3) clear recommendations for measurement
4) widely used to study health behaviours
5) explains substantial amount of variance in intentions and behaviour
Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) - part 1
Behaviour is determinded by:
- strength of intention to perform behaviour
- amount of actual control over performing behaviour
intention: precursor (voorloper) of actual behaviour
actual behavioral control: skills, resourves, and other conditions needed to perform behaviour
perceived behavioral control (≈ self-efficacy): proxy for actual behavioral control (is assumed to reflect actual behavioural control more or less accurately.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) – part 2
Attitude (overall evaluation of performing the behaviour) towards behaviour, determined by:
- behavioural beliefs about outcome of behaviour
Subjective norm, “would important others want me to perform the behaviour?”, determined by:
- normative beliefs about views of important others (‘referents’)
Perceived behavioural control, determined by:
- control beliefs about presence of facilitators of or barriers to behaviour
Direct pathway: perceived behavioural control --> behaviour?
- Actual control as common cause?
It is not clear from descriptions of the theory whether perceived behavioural control is assumed to have a direct causal effect on behaviour or whether the arrow represents an association between perceived behavioural control and behaviour that is induced by actual control as the common cause.
Regardless of interpretation:
Increasing actual behavioural control (by increasing skills or opportunities to perform the behaviour) safest bet to change behaviour.
TPB in observational studies
TPB explains between 35-50% of variance in intention
TPB explains between 26-35% of variance in behaviour
*verklaarde variantie: hoe goed kun je een uitkomst (intentie of gedrag) verklaren m.b.v. een model (of variabelen)
Using TPB to develop interventions
Applications have focused on:
- changing attitude (through behavioural beliefs)
- subjective norm (through normative beliefs)
- perceived behavioural control (through control beliefs)
… by changing the salient beliefs that are assumed to determine these constructs.
Three strategies:
1. Changing existing salient beliefs
2. Making existing non-salient beliefs salient
3. Creating new salient beliefs
NB. Salient = betekenisvol
Steps in the development of a TPB-based intervention (3)
Usually constitutes main study.
Second sample from target population.
Measure all TPB variables using structured questionnaire.
Examine whether intentions predicted by:
- attitude
- subjective norm
- perceived behavioural control
Examine whether behaviour predicted by:
- Intentions
- perceived behavioural control
Steps in the development of a TPB-based intervention (4&5)
Identify differences in beliefs between:
- intenders and non-intenders of behaviour
- those who do and do not engage in behaviour
5. Develop and evaluate intervention
Develop intervention to change key beliefs
- change existing salient beliefs
- create new salient beliefs
Evaluate intervention in other sample.
Examples changing beliefs (TPB)
Increase belief strength: not texting while driving decreases crash risk.
Increase outcome evaluation: emphasizing health and financial benefits of avoiding a crash.
Example changing Normative beliefs:
Increase belief strength: partner would approve of not texting while driving.
Increase motivation to comply: emphasize importance of not upsetting partner
(Normative beliefs refer to the perceived behavioural expectations of such important referent individuals or groups as the person's spouse, family, friends etc.)
Example changing Control beliefs:
Increase belief strength: there are many parking facilities available for texting.
Increase perceived power: texting while standing still is more convenient.
Complexities of designing a study according to TPB
- take the 10 most frequently mentioned beliefs
- include all beliefs mentioned by at least 10%
- Select 75% of all beliefs
Individual differences in salience of beliefs.
Some salient beliefs are more important than others in influencing intention.
TPB does not specify how to change beliefs (only that it requires exposure to ‘information’).
Try our study magic for free
a PDF, study it super fast
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- AI makes unlimited flashcards
- Get unlimited quizzes and tests
- Ask AI anything
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- Have and keep perfect overview
- Make flashcards, notes and mind maps
- Review, test and score!
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
