Elizabethan England - Elizabeth's Court and Parliament
23 important questions on Elizabethan England - Elizabeth's Court and Parliament
When did Elizabeth 1 reign?
Why was gender a reason for Elizabeth 1 to not become Queen? (3)
- In the 16th Century most people believed the monarch should naturally be a man
- Most expected Elizabeth to act as a figure head and let her male counsellors take control or find a husband.
- Elizabeth was determined to rule in her own right.
Why was illegitimacy a reason for Elizabeth 1 to not become Queen (3)
- Henry had divorced his first wife and married Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth's mother).
- Divorce was forbidden to Catholics so people believed Anne was invalid and Elizabeth was illegitimate
- Illegitimate children weren't usually allowed to inherit so many though Mary Queen of Scots had more right to rule.
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Who were Elizabeth 1's favourite courtiers? ()
- Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)
- Christopher Hatton (Lord Chancellor)
- Sir Walter Raleigh
How did people gain political power?
How did Elizabeth use patronage to ensure loyalty and stability? (4)
- Patronage involved handing out titles, offices or monopolies to men to give them a source of income and was distributed at court.
- Those who received patronage became dependant on Elizabeth making them more likely to be loyal to her.
- Elizabeth distributed patronage so all members of the elite felt they had a chance making them less likely to rebel ensuring political stability.
- It rewarded courtiers without spending royal revenues helping Englands debt.
What was the Privy council and what did it do? (5)
- Gave advice to Queen
- Administration of government
- Made of 20 trusted men chosen by Elizabeth
- Queen didn't have to follow their advice
- They had to follow Queens instructions
Who was William Cecil and what did he do?
- Elizabeth's closest advisor
- Principal secretary, leader of privy council
- Lord Burgley and then Lord High Treasure giving him greater control over royal finances.
What was the house of Lords?
What was the house of commons?
How was Parliament involved with tax?
How was parliament involved with advice?
How was parliament involved with legislation?
How were Parliaments powers limited? (3)
- Elizabeth could summon and dismiss parliament and disliked working with parliament.
- She only called 13 sessions during 44 years
- Parliament was not free to decide which topics it debated without permission from the Queen
How did the Privy council help Elizabeth manage parliament? (4)
- It managed relations between Elizabeth and Parliament, particularly Cecil who was highly skilled at convincing MPs to support the Queens policies
- Some members of the PC sat in parliament acting as spokesmen who helped steer debates in favour of royal policies.
- The speaker (who kept order in house of commons) was chosen by the Queen and monitored by the PC
- Elizabeth was a strong public speaker and made powerful and persuasive speeches in Parliament.
What were the disagreements in the Elizabethan Government? (3)
- MPs were concerned about who would rule England after Elizabeth and repeatedly tried to persuade her to marry or name an heir.
- Some Puritan MPs tried to make England more protestant.
- MPs were worried about Mary QOS and Catholic plots surrounding her and tried to convince Elizabeth to take action against Mary.
What were Elizabeth's problems with marriage and succession? (3)
- People believed women couldn't rule properly
- If Elizabeth died without an heir there would be possibility of a civil war
- Elizabeth refused to name an heir or discuss marriage with the PC or parliament.
Why was it difficult to find a suitable husband? (4)
- If she married a European prince or King it could give another country too much influence over England.
- If she chose a member of English nobility it would create anger amongst those who weren't chosen.
- The religious settlement had made England protestant making it difficult for Elizabeth t marry a Catholic
- Women were expected to obey their husbands so she would lose so much of her power and freedom.
What three foreign suitors did Elizabeth reject early in her reign? (3)
- King Philip II of Spain
- Archduke Charles of Austria
- King Eric of Sweden
Why did Elizabeth not marry Robert Dudley?
Why did Elizabeth not marry Duke Francis of Anjou?
Why did Elizabeth's court split into two rival groups in the 1590s?
How did lack of support undermine Elizabeth's authority? (4)
- The fail of the Essex rebellion shows Elizabeth was still a respected and popular Queen
- However the rebellion suggests her authority became weaker and patronage became less effective towards the end of her reign.
- Instead of balancing the different groups at court she let Cecil's become too powerful which led to a build up of anger
- Constant competition made it more difficult to make decisions
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