Elizabethan England - Life in Elizabethan times
20 important questions on Elizabethan England - Life in Elizabethan times
How did religious change result in less support for the poor?
How did population growth lead to high prices? (3)
- Food production didn't keep pace with the growth of population resulting in food shortage and price growth
- Good prices rose quicker than wages meaning poverty increased and standard of living fell.
- Due to rapid population growth there was more competition for land meaning rents increased.
How did developments in agriculture cause unemployment? (3)
- Traditional farming methods proved inefficient so people began to enclose fields to make a few large farms rather than renting small strips.
- These new enclosed farms needed less labourers so farmers who rented land were left homeless and unemployed.
- Exporting wool to Europe became more profitable than grain so many landowners switched to sheep farming contributing more the food shortages, also meaning bad harvests were more fatal.
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How did poverty get worse in the 1590s?
Why did the government become more involved in poor relief?
Who are the helpless poor?
Who are the deserving poor?
Who are the undeserving poor?
What did the Poor Laws do? (4)
- In the 1560s the government passed a poor law which introduced a tax to raise money for the poor.
- Further laws were passed in 1597 and 1601 making the 'poor rate' a national system of compulsory taxation and it was collected by a local official called 'overseer of the poor'
- Poor rates were used to provide hospitals and housing for the helpless poor, poor children were given apprenticeships and local authorities provided financial support for the deserving poor.
- People who refused to work could be sent to prison
How were the undeserving poor treated?
How were the gentry affected in Elizabeth's reign? (3)
- Enclosures made farms more efficient so more goods were being made
- At the same time rents and prices of agricultural goods (grain) were rising due to population growth so landowners were earning a lot more money
- The growth of towns and development of trade allowed many merchants to become very wealthy and part of the gentry.
Why did some members of the Elite build New Houses? (4)
- Building elaborate homes allowed members of the elite to show off their wealth
- New houses often had large expensive windows to show off their great prosperity
- Large landscaped gardens were also a popular way to display wealth.
- The 'Great Rebuilding' improved living standards for the wealthy because the large windows made the homes lighter and the large fireplaces and chimneys made them warmer
How were Art, Literature and Education fashionable? (3)
- The gentry and nobility had money to spend on decorating their homes with portraits, miniatures, tapestries and embroidery
- It was also popular to collect large libraries and many supported the work of poets and playwrights.
- more people could afford to educate their children
What were Elizabethan times like for playwrights? (6)
- A large number of plays were written and performed in the Elizabethan era
- Two famous companies were The Admirals Men and The Lord Chamberlain's Men (Shakespeare's company)
- Women weren't allowed to be actors
- One of the most famous actors was Richard Burbage and he played the lead in many of Shakespeare's play.
- Shakespeare was the best known Elizabethan playwright, he wrote 38 plays
- Other famous playwrights include Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson.
What was the opposition to theatre? (3)
- The City of London authorities thought it was disruptive and promoted crime
- Members of the government feared it would be used to promote catholicism or spread anti- government messages thus censorship was introduced
- Many puritans thought it encouraged immorality
When did England begin exploration?
Who was John Hawkins? (4)
- The first English privateer to take part in Atlantic Slave trade from west Africa to America.
- The Spanish didn't want English traders to trade with Spanish colonies is his activities fuelled growing tension.
- His first two expeditions were very profitable
- On his last expedition he was confronted by Spanish ships and most of his fleet was destroyed.
Who was Francis Drake? (4)
- Drake circumnavigated the world between 1577-1580
- He was sent by Elizabeth to explore south America and planned to make money from his expedition by raiding Spanish colonies and treasure ships
- On his way back Spanish ships tried to intercept him so he had to take an alternate route
- When he returned he was knighted and this encouraged other sailors to do long journeys
Why was circumnavigation a huge achievement (4)
- Navigate across vast oceans
- Most of the places hadn't been explored meaning there was no map
- Many sailors died of disease
- Bad weather
Who was Walter Raleigh? (5)
- Raleigh was sent to colonise Virginia and sent 108 settlers to establish a permanent colony.
- However when Drake visited Roanoke in 1586 most of them abandoned the colony and returned to England due to low supplies.
- A second group went and were expecting supplies from England, but they were delayed by the Spanish Armada
- When they arrived the colony had disappeared
- It was partially Walter's fault as his funds were too limited and the whole project was poorly planned.
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