Lecture Four : Bone II - Bone tissue and its microscopic structure
6 important questions on Lecture Four : Bone II - Bone tissue and its microscopic structure
Explain the Extracellular components of the bone
1. Organic : 33% of bone matrix is organic
- Composed of collagen and ground substance (proteoglycans)
- Its function is to resist tension.
- Without organic components, the bone becomes very brittle causing them to break easily.
2. Inorganic : 67% of bone matrix is inorganic
- Composed of mineral salts (Hydroxyapatite)
- Its function is to give hardness to the bone.
- Without hydroxyapatite, the bone becomes flexible.
Explain the cellular components of the bone
1. Osteogenic cells : Stem cells that produce osteoblasts
2. Osteoblasts : Maker cells which produces new bone matrix
3. Osteocytes : Maintainers and communicators - They also regulate osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity
4. Osteoclasts : Destroyer cells , meaning they break down the bone matrix
What are the structures of the Compact Bone ?
- Osteons : Longitudinal units within the compact bone which provides a pathway for nutrients to get to cells in the ECM.
- Lamellae : A series of cylinders formed of ECM around the central canal.
- Central Canal : Forms the center of the osteon and contains blood vessels and nerves.
- Lacunae : Lakes where osteocytes sit.
- Canaliculi : Communication channels for osteocytes through the ECM.
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What are the structures of the Cancellous Bone ?
- It is found where shock-absorption is required.
- Spaces between the trabeculae are commonly filled with bone marrow.
What is the process of Bone Remodeling ?
An imbalance in osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity can result in bone pathology (disease).
Describe what is the Bone Pathology of Osteoporosis and the causes of Osteoporosis ?
As a result, compact bone becomes thinner and porous whereas cancellous bone loses volume.
Causes of Osteoporosis :
- Ageing : As we age, we lose oestrogen
- Lifestyle factors include lack of exercise and nutritional factors (low calcium diet)
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