Lecture Three : Bone I - Structure of the skeleton
9 important questions on Lecture Three : Bone I - Structure of the skeleton
What are the different terms of location in the Human Body ?
- Medial : towards the midline
- Posterior : Back view of the body
- Anterior : Front view of the body
- Superior : Closer to the head
- Inferior : Closer to the feet
- Lateral : Away from the midline
- Proximal : Closer to origin/trunk
- Distal : Further away from the origin/trunk
- Deep : Further away from the surface of the body
- Superficial : Closer to the surface of the body
Understand and demonstrate the different terms of movements
- Flexion and Extension
- Adduction and Abduction
- Circumduction
- Rotation
- Pronation and Supination
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantarflexion
- Inversion
- Eversion
What are the functions of the Skeleton ?
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Storage
- Blood Cell Formation
- Communication
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What are the two Divisions of the Skeleton ?
- Example : Skull, sternum, Ribs, Vertebrae Column, Sacrum and Coccyx.
- Examples are Femur, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Tibia and Fibular.
Explain the bone composition of the Hand and Feet
- ONE hand contains 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges (3 per finger, 2 per thumb)
2. FEET
- ONE foot contains 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges (3 per toe, 2 per big toe)
What is the structure and function of a Long Bone ?
- Long bones are longer than they are wide. It is composed of wider epiphyses (cancellous bone) and a longer, narrower diaphysis (compact bone).
- They function as levers for movement.
- Examples are the femur, humerus, radius, ulna and metacarpals.
What is the structure and function of Short Bones ?
- Short bones are close to equal in width and length.
- They are comprised mostly of cancellous bone.
- Its function is for weight-bearing from multiple directions and shock-absorbing.
- Examples are carpals and tarsals
What are the structure and function of Flat Bones ?
- Flat bones are bones with a smooth surface.
- They are comprised of thin plates of compact bone.
- Its function is to provide protection (eg brain) and attachments for muscles.
- Examples are sternum, scapula, ribs and cranial bones.
What is the structure and function of Irregular bones ?
- Irregular bones are variable in shape, function and composition
- Examples are the vertebrae column, sacrum and pelvic bones
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