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Immunology - Lecture Thirty Seven : Immune responses to viruses

Q: What is the difference between Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity ?

HUMORAL Involves B cells becoming activated to plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies and memory B cells against antigens for extracellular pathogens CELL-MEDIATED Involves CD4 T cells interacting with MHC/peptide complexes to either produce CD8 T cells to kill infected cells, or stimulate non-specific agents (NK cells & macrophages) to destroy the infected cells.

Q: What are the 4 stages of microbial pathogenesis?

Microbes invade the body in 4 stages : Adherence to host cell Invasion of host tissues Replication within host tissues, which leads to further exposure at local sites They cause disease by secreting toxic substances and growing which damages tissues at original and distance sites

Q: What are the 2 basic components of a vaccine and how does it work to help prime the immune response for future exposure to viral pathogen?

Vaccines have 2 components : Antigen (what the immune system recognises): Viral antigen which has been heat killed or attenuated - passed through many non-human cells and acquired mutations as it replicates, these mutations make the virus unable to grow well inside of human cells, therefore is not able to cause disease) Adjuvant : helps to enhance the immune response against the antigen

3 important questions on Immunology - Lecture Thirty Seven : Immune responses to viruses

What is the difference between Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity ?

HUMORAL

Involves B cells becoming activated to plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies and memory B cells against antigens for extracellular pathogens

CELL-MEDIATED

Involves CD4 T cells interacting with MHC/peptide complexes to either produce CD8 T cells to kill infected cells, or stimulate non-specific agents (NK cells & macrophages) to destroy the infected cells.

What are the 4 stages of microbial pathogenesis?

Microbes invade the body in 4 stages :

Adherence to host cell
Invasion of host tissues
Replication within host tissues, which leads to further exposure at local sites
They cause disease by secreting toxic substances and growing which damages tissues at original and distance sites

What are the 2 basic components of a vaccine and how does it work to help prime the immune response for future exposure to viral pathogen?

Vaccines have 2 components :

Antigen (what the immune system recognises): Viral antigen which has been heat killed or attenuated - passed through many non-human cells and acquired mutations as it replicates, these mutations make the virus unable to grow well inside of human cells, therefore is not able to cause disease)
Adjuvant : helps to enhance the immune response against the antigen