Nervous system - Lecture Sixteen : Neuroanatomy I - Cells and organisation of the nervous system
5 important questions on Nervous system - Lecture Sixteen : Neuroanatomy I - Cells and organisation of the nervous system
Name and Explain the 2 basic organization of the Nervous system and the types of cells involved ?
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System :
- Consists of all peripheral nerves and ganglion.
BOTH organizations are composed of two general cell classes, they are neurons and glia.
Explain the directions of flow in the CNS ?
- Afferent or ascending : Information than enters to CNS.
- Efferent or descending : Information or responses that exits the CNS.
Describe the general structure of a neuron and its functional zones ?
- Dendrites (INPUT ZONE) : Site for receiving input and sending information to the cell body.
- Cell Body (INPUT ZONE) : Contains a nucleus and organelles. Can receive input.
- Axon Hillock (SUMMATION ZONE) : Most proximal part of the axon. Sums input.
- Axon (CONDUCTION ZONE) : May or may not be myelinated. It carries electrical signals.
- Axon terminals (OUTPUT ZONE) : Ends of the axon. Forms the pre-synaptic component of the synapse & also releases neurotransmitters.
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What are the 5 main types of glial cells and explain their functions ?
- Astrocytes : Supply nutrients to neurons, ensheath blood capillaries and injury response.
- Microglia : Immune cells in the CNS and they engulf microorganisms and debris (phagocytes).
- Ependymal cells : Line fluid-filled spaces in the brain and spinal cord They have cilia to circulate CSF.
- Oligodendrocytes : Support nerve fibres and ensheath axons in myelin.
- Schwann Cells : Support peripheral nerves and ensheath axons in myelin.
Explain What a meylin sheath is ?
Its function is to increase conduction velocity.
- Nodes of Ranvier : Gaps between the myelin sheaths.
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