Read the summary and the most important questions on IGOs and INGOs

• Introduction

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• What is the traditional (or strict) definition of IO?

  It has four important aspects:
  

  •  formal: has to have whole organization with its own rights
  • continuous: it has to have staying power over the course of years
  • created by sovereign states 
  • goal of this creation is common interest
    

• What is the updated (loose) definition of IO?

  Key words: 
  

  • formal international social institutions 
  • characterized by behavioral patterns
  • based on international norms and rules
  • which prescribe and proscribe behavior in recurrent situations 
  • lead to the convergence of expectations 

• What types of International organizations are there?

  • Intergovernmental organizations - IGOs
    
  • Non-governmental organizations - NGO's 
  • international NGOs - INGOs
  • Multinational/transnational corporations - MNCs/TNCs

• What are MNCs/TNCs

  For profit firms with subsidiaries in two or more countries. Business aspect of the international organizations. Shift economic decision-making from national level (government) to international level.

• IGOs

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• Which three conditions are needed for international cooperation?

  1. Problem condition: complex interdependencies push states into international cooperation (recognize that there is common interest)
     
  2. Cognitive conditions: realization that interdependencies lead to problems which can only be solved together. 
  3. Power (hegemonic condition): one or more powerful states bear the costs of the creation of an IGO. Example: US. 

• Why would and IGO cooperate internationally?

  • Industrial expansion 
    
  • World economic crisis
  • Development disparities
  • Human rights violation (WW2)
  • Environmental degradation 
  • War and power politics 

• What is the Concert of Europe?

  • The aftermath of the war
  • Napoleonic wars
  • 1814-1815: Congress of Vienna 
  • Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia. France was still invited. 
  • Forerunner IGOs 
  • Idea; major powers to jointly secure peace and cooperate. 
  • Continued until WW1

• What were some problems from the start for League of Nations?

  • Broad support, except in the USA (isolationism) they felt bad for involving in the ward. 
    
  • Germany: was not invited due to being a defeated country blamed for starting the Great War. 
  • Russia: had become communist in 1917 and was not invited. 

• What is the United Nations?

  • Founded on the idea of collective security. 
    
  • Peacekeeping developed as an alternative to enforcement measures. 
  • sovereign equality of all states 
  • 1945 UN charter signed. 

• What do countries have to keep in mind if they want to join a region?

  • If they are open(UN) or restricted(EU)
    
  • Geography
  • Economy
  • Culture
  • Competencies:
  • Comprehensive (UN, EU)
  • Limited, specialized agencies of the UN