General - Cytokines - IL-2
8 important questions on General - Cytokines - IL-2
What does an IL-2 receptor look like?
–IL-2Ralpha, IL-2Rbeta gammac
•Extracellular Domain
–Ligand binding
• Transmembrane Domain
–Anchoring to cell membrane
•Intracellular Domain
–Signalling to cytoplasm and nucleus
Which cells produce IL-2?
- 60% of stimulated CD4 helper T cells
- 30% of stimulated CD8 cytotoxic T cells
(recent evidence suggests that activated dendritic cells and mast cells may also produce IL-2)
How is IL-2 production stimulated physiologically?
1. Antigen presenting cell presents antigen in the MHC groove
2. Recognised by specific TCR
3. In presence of co-stimulatiors this causes T cell activation, cytokine production and proliferation
4. Signal induction via AP-1, NFkB and NF-AT
(bind to upstream promoter of IL-2 gene)
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How is IL-2 production stimulated experimentally?
- PHA (phytohaemagglutinin)
- Anti-CD3/CD28
What is the autocrine effect of IL-2?
Antigen-dependent proliferation and differentiation of identical daughter CD8+ T cells.
What is the paracrine effect of IL-2?
IL-2 stimulates NK cells to proliferate and differentiate into lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells filled with cytotoxic granules (also called large granular lymphocytes)
Which cytokine is required for the generation of cytolytic molecules?
What are the receptors of IL-2?
CD122 (IL-2Rb)
CD132 (yc)
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