Read the summary and the most important questions on Immunobiology

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• alpha:beta heterodimer

  The dimer of one alpha and one beta chain that makes up the antigen-recognition portion of an alpha:beta T cell receptor

• 19S regulatory caps

  Multisubunit component of the proteasome that functions to capture ubiquitinated proteins for degradation in the catalytic core

• 20S catalytic core

  Multisubunit component of proteasome responsible for protein degradation

• Accessory effector cells

  Cells that aid in an adaptive immune response but are not involved in specific antigen recognition. They include phagocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, and NK cells

• Acellular pertussis vaccines

  A formulation of pertussis used for vaccination containing chemically inactivated antigens, including pertussis toxoid

• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

  A disease caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). AIDS occurs when an infected patient has lost most of his or her CD4 T cells, so that infections with opportunistic pathogens occur.

• Activation-induced cell death

  A process by which autoreactive T cells are induced to die if they complete thymic maturation and migrate to the periphery

• Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)

  Enzyme that initiates somatic hypermutation and isotype switching by deaminating DNA directly at cytosine in immunoglobulin V regions or switch regions. Loss of AID activity in patients leads to loss of both activities, causing hyper IgM and lack of affinity maturation.

• Activator protein-1 (AP-1)

  A transcription factor formed as one of the outcomes of intracellular signalling by antigen receptors of lymphocytes

• Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

  An inherited defect characterised by nonproduction of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which leads to the accumulation of toxic purine nucleosides and nucleotides in cells, resulting in the death of most developing lymphocytes within the thymus. It is a cause of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)