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Summary: Immunology
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Immunology
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1 Important things
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How develops an ILC1?
Cytokine : IL-15, IL-7
Transcription factor: T-BET
Activated by: IL-12, 15 and 18.
Produces: IFN-y
For: Defense against viruses -
How develops an ILC2?
Cytokine: Il-7
Transcription factor: GATA3
Activated by: IL-25, 33 and TSLP
Produces: IL-5 and 13
For: Defense against helminths; allergic inflammation -
How develops an ILC3?
Cytokine: IL-7BE
Transcription factor: RORyt
Activated by: IL-1B and IL-23
Produces: IL-17 and 22
For: Intestinal barrier function; lymphoid organogenesis -
Which cytokines influence NK activation?
- IL-12, 15 and 8, IFN --> Enhance cytotoxity / IFNy secretioin
- IL-2 and 15 --> Important for survival / growth -
2 composition of the immune system.
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What makes immunology worth studying
- The immune system is involved one way or another in almost all human pathological condition
- Many laboratory diagnostics are based on immunological methods
- More and more diseases get treated by manipulating the immune system
-Autoimmune diseaes affect 7-8% of the population, they are chronic and generally incurable, yet many can be treated effectively
- The number of immunocompromised patients increased recently. (immunocmpromised people means for example people who have HIV, cancer, etc. )
- Laypeople ( for example the media) have a strong opinion regarding immunology ___ Media tends to mix medical facts with quackery and pseudoscience. -
How do we approch immunology
We start with the basic elements: Molecules and cells
then we continue with organs and functions
so basically: Molecules, cells, organs and functions -
Composition of immune system
-Innate immune system: it develops earlier during the development
it is non antigen specific, no immunological memory, rapid reactivity, Linear amplification of the reaction.
- Adaptive immune system: It develops later in the evolution.
It is Antigen specific, Immunological memory, Activated after a latency, Exponential amplification of the reaction.
-Natural immune system: Innate-like immunity with adaptive features. -
Innate immune system
It has
-Pattern recognition receptors
-Pathogen associated molecular patters
-First line defence
-Low number of molecularly distinct receptors and high number of recognized patterns.
-Main molecular components (eg cfr notes)
-MAin cellular components (eg cfr notes) -
Natural immune system
It has:
- Antigen recognition receptor with limited specificity
- Patern recognition profile
-Innate-like immune response
-Limited number of distinct antigen receptors and high number of recognized antigens
-Main cellular components cfr note
-Main molecular components. Cfr notes -
Theoretical scheme of the innate immunity
First there is a recognition which lead immediately to a response, then signal
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