Development of Body, Thought and Language
26 important questions on Development of Body, Thought and Language
How do children form episodic memories and what crucial connection is needed in the brain to be able to recall memories?
- Connections between the prefrontal lobes and other portions of the brain seem to be crucial to the formation and recalling of episodic memories.
What are the three related components to executive functions and at what age does executive functions increase to?
Executive functions increase as the child grows older to about age 15, a parallel increase in processing speed accompanies that increase in capacity.
What does the marshmellow test show us about inhibition and how are children tested to show inhibition and interference in play?
The test contained the simple premise of waiting to get 2 marshmellows, if they didnt they only got one. People who waited to get two marshmellows got higher scores in adults later in life
Their ability to avoid interference is tested in the simple game of simon says, during this game commands are shouted out with a conflicting image of what the body does.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
How does speed of processing correlate with executive function and how does the simplified dimensional card sorting task show executive functioning?
Higher speed is related to higher brain maturity whilst the simplified dimensional card sorting task shows if the child has issues with the ability to switch. The reaction time for the simple tasks decreases with age.
What does Theory of mind mean and what did Premack say about children dividing things into two classes of entities?
- David Premack said that children from a very young age automatically divide the world into two classes of entities; things that move and don't move.
What do children younger than 3 year olds understand about people's mind, and how is this shown in the experiment with toys?
- In the case of a study with 3 toys, they played with two toys and the adult left and they played with the third, when the adult came back he replied oh cool can you give it to me?
They must have had an understanding on what the adult hasn't played with and that people like new things more than others.
How are false beliefs tested, and why is false belief a thing?
Children don't have memory issues, they know where it is, yet they don't understand that other children can understand something that isn't true
How does pretend play help children acquire belief-reality distinction and how does having older siblings promote false-belief understanding?
Having older siblings increases the false-belief understanding. Children with siblings often play more role-play and pretend statements.
What are characteristics of autism?
Autistic people may fail to keep eye contact and fail to syncronize emotions expression and have a language deficit.
What is mindblindness in autistic children and how is this shown in false-beliefs and false picture tests?
Children with autism tend to not engage in spontaneously make believe and therefore don't understand false-belief. They think more literally and hypothetically.
Children failed the false-belief tests however they performed better than neurotypically children at the false picture test showing that beliefs is different than physical representations.
What are the rules of language called, and how does the hierarchy of language help it create syntax?
What are the universal characteristics morphemes, and how do morphemes differ from non-verbal signs?
Nonverbal signs typically develop and bear resemblance to the physical meaning.
How are phonemes combined to create morphemes, and how does grammar influence phonemes?
Grammar includes rules of phonology, phonology is how phonemes are arranged to create morphemes.
What is the four level hierarchy of language?
- Grammar
- Syntax
- Morphemes
- Phonemes
How is grammar learned implicitly and not explicitly, and what is proof that children understand the grammer rules?
They can distinguish grammar from non grammar sentences, even though they can't point out why.
How can infants perceive subtle sound differences, and how is it proven that infants at 6 months can interpret different language phonemes?
- Babies younger than 6 months can discriminate better between vowels of another language than their own native and babies older than 6 months are able to discriminate better in their own language.
How do deaf children babble, and what is the distinction between cooing and babbling?
Cooing is drawn out vowels like mooo, maaa, paa-paa, whilst babbling mimics the rhythm and pitch of the actual language.
Cooing and Babbling occurs more they're happy.
What is the evidence that word comprehension precess word production, and when does the word spurt development happen?
- Evidence that word comprehension begins before word production comes from children naming things before they ask for things.
What is the mutual exclusivity assumption and what is referred to as syntactic bootstrapping?
- Syntactic bootstrapping is what children do when they infer the meaning of new words. If they hear that a duck is biffing the bunny, and they know what a duck and a bunny is they understand that the duck is doing the biffing to the bunny.
How does children mistakes in grammar speech confirm they know the rule and they're not mimicking like shown in one wug two wug-s?
- It is confirmed they know the rule because when they learn it they overgeneralize it not knowing early on there's exceptions, 3 year olds who say kicked and played also say thinked and swimmed.
In the wug rule, children who had just formed plurals would add s correctly even for words they'd never heard before.
What four ways are shown that we are born with an innate language development?
- We are born with anatomically structures in the throat that enable production of broader range of sounds.
- Brain areas specialized for language (brocas & wernickes).
- A preference for listening to speech and an ability to distinguish among speech sound of any languages.
- Mechanisms that cause us to exercise our vocal capacities through coo-ing and babbling.
What did Chomsky create with fundamental principles called universal grammar and how did he coin the language-acquisition devise or the LAD?
- The innate mental mechanisms that enable a child to acquire language quickly and efficiently are coined as the LAD, the language acquisition device.
It's inborn foundations for universal grammar plus the entire set of inborn mechanisms that guide the childrens learning of unique rules of their cultures language.
How do children invent grammar when there's none (think colonization) and how is this shown in pidgin language and how does it transform to creole language?
- Pidgin can develop in a true language, when it's developed into a full range of grammatical rules it's called a creole language. Some languages can be developed within one generation of the children by original colonists.
How does the deaf children in Nicaragua create grammatical sign language that was first pidgin and then creole?
- Over the years, it became more structured and not the eldest wisest contributed most but the youngest, it's recognized as a full true language and developed into creole.
What is the LASS and How can variations of the LASS occur without impairment?
In some cultures they don't use motherese and don't communicate that much with children but they are carried everywhere so they're still introduced to speech - so large variations of the LASS can occur without impairment.
What are the cost and benefits of billinguisms and what are the two forms of bilingualism?
Bilingualism children have smaller vocabularies in each language than monolingual children and are slower at retrieving words, but develop greater executive functions.
Try our study magic for free
a PDF, study it super fast
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- AI makes unlimited flashcards
- Get unlimited quizzes and tests
- Ask AI anything
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- Have and keep perfect overview
- Make flashcards, notes and mind maps
- Review, test and score!
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
