Summary Inorganic Chemistry

A snapshot of the summary - Inorganic Chemistry ISBN: 9780199641826

• 1 Atomic structure

• 1.4 Penetration and shielding

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• What is the ground state electron configuration?

  Ground state electron configuration is a specification of the orbital occupation of an atom in its lowest energy state. Exclusion principle forbids more than two electrons from occupying a single orbital.

• 1.5 The building-up principle

• What does the aufbau principle imply?

  According to the building-up principle, orbitals of neutral atoms are treated as being occupied in the order determined in part by the principal quantum number and in part by penetration and shielding. Order of occupation: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p. Each orbital can accomodae up to two electrons

• 5 Oxiation and reduction

• 5.2 Standard potentials and spontaineity

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• What is understood under a spontaneous reaction?

  At constant temp and pressure, the reaction gibbs energy change is negative. Delta G= -RTlnK. G<0 = k>1
• What is an galvanic cell?

  Electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction is used to generate an electric current, in which the reaction driving the electric current through the external circuit is the reaction of interest.
• How can the potential be measured?

  Delta G= -vFE E--> Standard potential. F= Faraday's constant and v= stoichiometric coefficient of the electrons transferred.

• 5.4 Electrochem series

• What does a negative standard potential signifies?

  It signifies a couple in which the reduced species is a reducing agent for H+ ions under standard conditions in aq solution.
• What implies a positive E

  Ox is strongly oxidizing

• 5.5 Nernst eq

• What is the reaction quotient?

  A Oxa + B Redb--> RedA + B'OX B 
  
  Q= [RedA0^a'[OxB]^b'
               [OXA]^a[RedB]^b
  Q is the same as K(At equilibrium)
• What is the nernst equation? And when is a reaction spontaneous?

  Ecell=Ecell(st.pot)-RT/vF * ln Q. 
  Reaction is spontaneous when Ecell >0 and G<0

• 5.6 Influence of p

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• What happens with the potential as the pH increases and the solution becomes more basic?

  Potential decreases