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A snapshot of the summary - Inorganic Chemistry
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1 Atomic structure
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1.4 Penetration and shielding
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What is the ground state electron configuration?Ground state electron configuration is a specification of the orbital occupation of an atom in its lowest energy state. Exclusion principle forbids more than two electrons from occupying a single orbital.
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1.5 The building-up principle
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What does the aufbau principle imply?According to the building-up principle, orbitals of neutral atoms are treated as being occupied in the order determined in part by the principal quantum number and in part by penetration and shielding. Order of occupation: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p. Each orbital can accomodae up to two electrons
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5 Oxiation and reduction
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5.2 Standard potentials and spontaineity
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What is understood under a spontaneous reaction?At constant
temp and pressure, the reactiongibbs energy change is negative. Delta G= -RTlnK. G<0 = k>1 -
What is an galvanic cell?Electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction is used to generate an electric current, in which the reaction driving the electric current through the external circuit is the reaction of interest.
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How can the potential be measured?Delta G= -vFE E--> Standard potential. F= Faraday's constant and v= stoichiometric coefficient of the electrons transferred.
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5.4 Electrochem series
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What does a negative standard potential signifies?It signifies a couple in which the reduced species is a reducing agent for H+ ions under standard conditions in aq solution.
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What implies a positive EOx is strongly oxidizing
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5.5 Nernst eq
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What is the reaction quotient?A Oxa + B Redb--> RedA + B'OX B
Q= [RedA0^a'[OxB]^b'
[OXA]^a[RedB]^b
Q is the same as K(At equilibrium) -
What is the nernst equation? And when is a reaction spontaneous?Ecell=Ecell(st.pot)-RT/vF * ln Q.
Reaction is spontaneous when Ecell >0 and G<0 -
5.6 Influence of p
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What happens with the potential as the pH increases and the solution becomes more basic?Potential decreases
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