Read the summary and the most important questions on Intercultural Communication

• Immigration & acculturation

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• What are the four categories of migrants?

  1. Refugees and asylum seekers
  2. Migrants from former colonies
  3. Economic migrants
  4. Ethnically privileged migrants

• What do the standard factors influencing migration not in account?

  The theorydidnot take into account ‘interveningobstacles’ thatshouldbeovercome: physicaldistance, financial costs of the journey, culturalbarriers, andpoliticalobstacles (King, 2013).

• What are the three factors influencing the attitude towards immigrants?

  1. Labor market concerns: take away jobs, demand more than they pay
  2. Identity-related concerns: immigrants unity culture can clash with cultures of natives
  3. Security-related concerns: immigrants are more likely to commit criminal crimes than natives

• What are four characteristics of somebody who holds pro-immigration sentiments?

  1. have immigrant friends
     
  2. are bettereducated
     
  3. satisfiedwiththeeconomicsituation    
     
  4. have no racist feelings    
     

• What is the link between migration and the existence of a diaspora?

  1. Migration depends upon the size of the diaspora: the larger the diaspora, the easier migration will be    
     
  2. 
     Migration adds to the diaspora, whereas absorption into mainstream reduces it.
  3. 
     
     The rate of absorption depends upon the size of thediaspora: the larger the diaspora is, the slower its absorption.

• What are the four possible strategies immigrants use to deal with maintaining their own culture vs. maintaining culture of host country?

  • Integration: immigrants keep own culture and at the same time adopt culture of host country
  • Assimilation: immigrants decide to distance themselves from the original culture and choose to fully adopt the culture of their host country
  • Separation: immigrants decide to keep their original culture and choose to distance themselves from the culture of their host country
  • Marginalization: immigrants decide to distance themselves from both their original culture and culture of horst country

• What are the four possible strategies of larger societies to deal with acculturation?

  • Multiculturalism: the doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country
  • Melting pot: environment in which many ideas and races are socially assimilated
  • Segregation: system that keeps different groups separate from each other, either through physical dividers or using social pressures and laws.
  • Exclusion: an instance of leaving a culture out.

• What is the shortcoming of Berry's Model (2005)

  The model shows what strategies minority migrants can choose under the assumption that immigrants are free to choose their strategy.
  
  The model doesn't take into account the fact that immigrants' experience of acculturation can be influenced by the inhabitants of the host country.

• Cultural dimensions and values

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• What are the cultural dimension of Hofstede?

  Collectivist vs Individualist
  Masculinity vs. Feminity
  High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance
  High vs Low Power Distance
  Long-Term vs Short Term Orientation

• How do we define masculinity vs. feminity?

  The extent to which individuals prioritize values such as quality of life and strong relationships over achievement and competition, or the other way around.