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13 important questions on Test exam

What are the 6 terms used to describe the concept of culture?

- Culture is connected to a group
- Culture is learned
- Culture is relative
- Culture gives meaning (to the world around us)
- Culture is a comfort zone
- Culture is dynamic

Define; culture is connected to a group

People are always part of various groups that each have their own culture. You can identify yourself with a country but also to various additional cultural groups or subcultures. For example; you can be a dutchman, or a football supporter, a student, a party kid etc.

Define; culture is learned

It is not in the genes that we receive from our parents, everybody feels anger, joy, sadness fear etc but the way you show or hide these feelings differ from culture to culture.

In Northern Europe, cultures appreciate and expect clarity and truth but in Asia, emotions are a much less visible. It is normal for them to avoid showing emotions.

Define; culture is a comfort zone

Your own culture gives you a sense of security, it gives meaning to the unknown world around you.

In Europe cute guinea pigs are picked up and petted, which is surprising for south American culture since they eat guinea pigs.

What do universal dilemmas and culture have to do with each other?

Groups of people all from different cultures often have to confront and solve problems together. Universal dilemmas arose because different cultures found different solutions and ways to deal with them.

The way in which different groups of people solve universal dilemmas is the origin of culture

Where in the world is time more important, in Northern Europe or at the equator? Explain

In Northern Europe; climate and seasons make planning necessary - at the equator both temperature and day/night are much more stable, almost no seasons and crops can always grow

Name 4 cultural groups that occur in every culture

1. Family
2. Sports
3. Work
4. Music

Example 'power distance' Hofstede

The extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

Universal dilemma; how to deal with hierarchy

In the Netherlands Mark Rutte goes to work on his bike, without convoys, no chase car, just a bicycle.

the authority of managers is not questioned, only people from good families and/ore of a certain age have a change of promotions, extensive courtesy rituals towards managers and older colleagues.

Example indulgence/restraint = hedonism/soberness

Indulgance/hedonism stands for a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun.

Restraint/soberness stands for a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict norms.

Most indulgence is Mexico, NL is 68
Most hedonism is Pakistan

What are the 3 cultural types of Model of Lewis

1. Linear-active
2. Multi-active
3. Reactive

Linear active (Lewis)

Patient, bothers own business, loves privacy, one thing at a time, works fixed hours, punctual, adheres to timetables, holds to plans, stick to facts, not emotionally, gives work to competent colleagues, work oriented, respect official bodies, face loss is annoying, private and work separate, talk concisely and briefly

Countries; Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg

Explain what cultural context is with an example

In one country guinea pig is food, in the other country a pet. So cultural context determines the meaning of things.

Explain the different levels (cultural identity) using an example of the theme sorrow

Top; individual behaviour

Middle; cultural behavior
Bottom; universal

Sorrow at the top is the way an individual grieves, personal preference
Sorrow in the middle is the way the culture deals with sorrow. How people show their sorrow is culturally determined.
Sorrow on the bottom is that everybody experiences sorrow

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The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Intercultural Competences | 9781000024791 | Patrick T H M Janssen

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Test exam

13 important questions on Test exam

What are the 6 terms used to describe the concept of culture?

Define; culture is connected to a group

Define; culture is learned

Define; culture is a comfort zone

What do universal dilemmas and culture have to do with each other?

Where in the world is time more important, in Northern Europe or at the equator? Explain

Name 4 cultural groups that occur in every culture

Example 'power distance' Hofstede

Example indulgence/restraint = hedonism/soberness

What are the 3 cultural types of Model of Lewis

Linear active (Lewis)

Explain what cultural context is with an example

Explain the different levels (cultural identity) using an example of the theme sorrow

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