Read the summary and the most important questions on Introduction to epidemiology and public health

• 1.1 tm/ 1.3

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• What is the difference between an endemic and a pandemic? 

  A pandemic is a outbreak of a disease that is spread across a large region and an endemic is a disease spread across a specific and smaller place. 

• What is a pandemic?

  A pandemic is a epidemic that spreads across a large region, like a continent

• What does DISH stands for?

  Determinants of diet and lifestyle, Intake of food and nutrients, Status and function of the body and Health and disease risk.

• 1.4 t/m 1.8

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• How did epidemiology developed and what are these movements called?

  Understanding infectious diseases -> chronic diseases -> any disease -> all aspects of human health. The movements that belong to this findings are respectively called pre-formal, early, classical and modern epidemiology.

• Why are descriptive data important?

  - To evaluate the occurence of health behaviors and health conditions
  - To provide a basis for planning and evaluation of interventions
  - To use for further analytical studies

• When would you use incidence and when would you use prevalence?

  Incidence when you talk about an acutely acquired disease. Because then you are interested in the new cases. Incidence is more important in etiological research. Prevalence is used more for permanent ill-health and is more important in the research to the societal burden of a disease.

• 1.9 tm 1.11

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• What are macrovascular complications in diabetic patients?

  Stroke, heart disease, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease and foot problems (diabetes is the most frequent cause of amputations).

• What are the microvascular complications in diabetic patients?

  Diabetic eye disease (retinopathy), renal disease (may cause kidney failure) and neuropathy.

• Name 3 different types of treatment for patients with diabetes

  1. Lifestyle intervention
  2. Drug therapy
  3. Insuline injections (used most often)

• What do you need for indirect standardization?

  - the age distribution of the study population under study- the total numbers of deaths in the study population
  - The age-specific mortality rates of a standard population