Ideologies - The liberal tradition - Classical liberalism and modern liberalism
8 important questions on Ideologies - The liberal tradition - Classical liberalism and modern liberalism
Liberalism was originally built mainly around two principles. Name these two.
- advocacy of open markets
Liberalism first arose in early modern Europe, where aristocracy held special privileges. What is aristocracy?
Liberal thinkers emphasized protection from aristocratic and religious abuse (separation of church and state), but also representation. This is:
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John Locke rejected aristocracy. His solution was for free individuals to agree on a social contract to create a government that guaranteed the natural rights. What are these rights?
From the broad liberal tradition arose six variants. Name these.
- Modern liberalism
- Burkean conservatism
- The religious Right
- Libertarianism
- Neoconservatism
Once the liberals were dominant, they began to disagree about whether they had reached their goals or not. The classical liberals thought they did, the modern liberals thought they did not. Define their ideas.
- Modern liberalism: the liberal program thus far had established negative liberty (freedom centered on protection from abuse of restraint). They saw the real goal of liberalism as positive liberty (liberty centered on the capacity and opportunity to develop one's talents).
Today, opponents of government activism form a political movements since the 1970s to decrease government intervention in market economies. This movement is called:
Whereas the term 'liberal' has different meaning inside and outside the US, there is a parallel vocabulary that has worked somewhat some similarly. These labels first formed during the French Revolution. Name and explain these.
- 'right' = conservative groups that seek to defend current or past political and social practices.
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