Biological Proccesses - Genetics
8 important questions on Biological Proccesses - Genetics
Mendel's 1st law of segregation (4 postulates)
- Genes exist in alternative forms (alleles), that controls a specific trait
- An organism has 2 alleles for each gene, one from each parent
- The 2 alleles segregate during meiosis, forming gametes that carry only one allele for any given inherited trait
- For every 2 alleles, one is dominant and 1 is recessive. Only the dominant allele will be expressed
Mendel's second law of independent assortment
Ex: plant's color is independent of the the plant being a dwarf
** in non-mendelian genetics due to crossing over we see that some traits tend to be linked together, but they are still able to be separated and occur without the other
2 common sex linked conditions:
Occur because they are recessive on the X chromosome, and men do not have another X chromosome that could carry a dominant allele to mask the recessive gene
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Can men with sex-linked conditions pass the condition on to their offspring?
Environmental affect on gene expression
Ex: fur color in hares based on temp., crooked/ straight wings in drosophila based on temp.
Cytoplasmic inheritance of genes
DNA is found in the mitochondria, and in cytoplasma (plasmids). These DNA molecules can interact with nuclear genes and can determine characteristics of organelles. Bacteria can regulate drug resistance by the use of plasmids in the cytoplasm which can be passed from one cell to another via conjugation.
Inducible gene regulation
Repressor is always bound to the operator unless an inducer binds to the repressor, changing its shape and removing it from the operator.
Repressible gene regulation
Repressor is always inactive unless it is bound by a corepressor. This changes the repressor's conformation, allowing binding to the operator and preventing transcription.
Corepressors are often end products of the pathway being controlled.
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