General Chemistry - Chemical Bonding
13 important questions on General Chemistry - Chemical Bonding
Steps to draw a lewis structure
- Count alence electrons of each atom
- Draw the skeletal structure of the compound
- Least electronegative atom is the central atom
- H, F, Cl, Br, and I occupy the ends
4. Place remaining valence electrons on the central atom, if the central atom does not have a full octet form double or triple bonds to complete the octet
Which resonance structure is more stable?
- A structure with a smaller or 0 formal charge overall is preferred
- A structure where the - formal charge is assigned to the more electronegative atom is preferred to one where the formal charge is assigned to the less electronegative atom
Nonpolar covalent bonds
The electron pair is shared equally
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Coordinate covalent bond
Ex: lewis acid + lewis base compounds
Using VESPR to determine the geometry of a molecule
- Draw the lewis structure
- Count the # of bonding and nonbonding electron pairs
- Arrange the electron pairs so they are as far apart from one another as possible
- Determine the bond angle based on bonding/ nonbonding pairs (use the table/ known arrangements)
VESPR arrangement: 3 e- pairs, 0 nonbonding pairs
Angles: 120
VESPR arrangement: 4 e- pairs, 0 nonbonding pairs
Angles: 109.5
VESPR arrangement: 4 e- pairs, 1 nonbonding pair
Angles: 107
VESPR arrangement: 4e- pairs, 2 nonbonding pairs
Angles: 104.5
VESPR arrangement: 6 e pairs, 0 nonbonding pairs
Angles: 90, 180
Determining polarity of a molecule
- A molecule containing only nonpolar bonds will always be nonpolar
- A molecule containing polar bonds may or may not be polar, depends on the net dipole moment of the individual bond polarities (if bonds cancel each other out, molecule is nonpolar)
Strength of different intermolecular forces
Carbon-Carbon bonding, bond energy and length
C-C : longest smallest
C=C: middle middle
C=C: shortes greatest
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