Air Law - ATM
18 important questions on Air Law - ATM
ATS System Capacity and Air Traffic Flow Management
- the ATS route structure
- the navigation accuracy of the aircraft using the airspace
- Weather-related factors
- Controller workload
Change from IFR to VFR Flight
No reply, other than the acknowledgement "IFR FLIGHT CANCELLED AT ... (TIME)", should normally be made by an air traffic services unit.
Air Traffic Clearance
- To prevent collisions
- To expedite and maintance of an orderly flow of air traffic
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Altimeter Setting Procedures
Altimeter settings provided to aircraft shall be rounded down to the nearest lower whole hectoPascal
Air Traffic Incident Report
Lateral Separation Criteria and Minima
- Using the same or different geographic locations, by position reports visually or by reference to navigation aid.
- Using the same navigation aid or method, by requiring aircraft to fly specified tracks which are seperated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid or method employed
Horizontal Separation - VOR
Horizontal Separation - NDB
Longitudinal Separation Based on Time
- 15 minutes
- 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed
- 5 minutes in the following cases, provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed (TAS) of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft or 3 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed (TAS) of 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
Longitudinal Separation Based on Distance using DME
- 20 NM or 10 NM
Same Cruising Level / Crossing Track
- 20 NM or 10 NM
Climbing / Descending on Same Track
- 10 NM at the time level is crossed
Climbing / Descending on Reciprocal Track
- At least 10 NM apart, or such other value as described by the appropriate ATC authority
Longitudinal Separation Minima Based on Distance Using RNAV
Aircraft at Same Cruising Level / Same Track
- 80 NM RNAV
Aircraft Climbing or Descending on the Same Track
- 80 NM RNAV
Mach Number Technique
9 min.: preceding aircraft Mach 0.02 faster
8 min.: preceding aircraft Mach 0.03 faster
7 min.: preceding aircraft Mach 0.04 faster
6 min.: preceding aircraft Mach 0.05 faster
5 min.: preceding aircraft Mach 0.06 faster
Air Traffic Control Clearance
- Aircraft identification
- Clearance limit
- Route of flight
- Level(s) of flight
- Instructions or information
Horizontal Speed Control Instructions
Speed controk should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 4 NM from the threshold on final approach.
Emergency and Communications Failure
Air-Ground Communication Failure VMC
- Continue to fly in VMC
- Land on the nearest suitable aerodrome
- Report its arrival to the appropriate air traffic control unit
Air-Ground Communication Failure IMC
In airspace with ATS surveillance system: 7 minutes and Code 7600
(NON) RADAR SEPARATION METHODS
- 500' (VFR-IFR + SVFR)
- 1000' (Standard)
- 2000' (Non RVSM standard)
- 4000' (Supersonic)
- Longitudinal
- Lateral
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