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• 1 Introduction to research methods

• 1.1 Social Research

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• Name 4 types of human experience.

  • Sense perception
  • Beliefs
  • Emotions
  • Thoughts
    

• What are social sciences?

  Sciences focussed on experiences related to humans.

• What are the four major distinctions in social science research?

  1. Approach 
  2. Use
  3. Pupose
  4. Time dimension

• Name the two different approaches of a study and their characteristics.

  1. Qualitative research
  • Qualities
  • Words and images
  • Understanding meaning
  2. Quantitative research
  • Quantities
  • Numbers and statistics
  • General tendencies
    

• What are the two types of use of research and their characteristics?

  Basic
  

  • Aimed at anything interesting.
  • How does the world work?
  • Researchers have freedom and intrinsic motivation.
  • Success if results impact science community. 

  
  Applied
  

  • Aimed at practical problems.
  • Can we solve this problem?
  • Research as part of the job and at employer's demand.
  • Success if results are 'usable'.

• Name the three different purposes of research and their characteristics.

  Exploratory
  
  

  • To explore
  • What?
  • Idea generating
  • Feasibility studies

  Descriptive
  
  

  • To descirbe
  • How? Who?
  • Categorizing and classifying

  
  Explanatory
  

  • To explain
  • Why?
  • Theory testing
  • Model comparison.

• Name the three types of time dimensions in a research and their characteristics.

  Case study
  
  

  • Focussed at an individual
  • Can be measured a single time or more times

  
  Cross-sectional
  
  

  • Focussed at a group of people
  • Measurement takes place only one time

  
  Longitudinal
  
  

  • Focussed at a group of people
  • Measured more than one time

• 1.2 The Empirical Cycle

• How is knowledge gained in empirical research?

  Through direct and indirect observation or experience.

• Name the 7 steps in the reseach process of the empirical cycle.

  1. Select a topic
  2. Formulate a research question
  3. Designing the study 
  4. Collecting the data
  5. Analyzing the data
  6. Interpreting the data
  7. Informing others

• 2 Theory and Ethics

• 2.1 Social Theories

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• What are the two states of behavior in social situations according to Milgram's agency theory?

  The autonomous state and the agentic state.