Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) - Glycolysis
10 important questions on Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) - Glycolysis
What is glycolysis? What is the pathway of it?
- Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ > 2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH
Main steps:
- Glucose to Glucose 6-phosphate
- Glucose 6-phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate
- Fructose 6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
- Fructose 1,6-phosphate to Triose phosphate
- Triose phosphate to Phosphoenolypruvate
- Phosphoenolypruvate to Pyruvate
What needs to happen before the glycolysis can start?
- by GLUT1 (sodium glucose linked transporter)
- passive transporters (family of glucose transporters)
What are the different families of glucose transporters? Where are they located? What is there function?
- GLUT1
- all mammalian tissues (glucose uptake)
- red blood cells
- GLUT2
- liver (removes excess glucose from blood) and pancreatic beta cells (regulation of insuline)
- GLUT3
- all mammalian tissues (glucose uptake)
- Brain / neurons
- GLUT4
- muscle and fat cells (glucose amount in muscle plasma membrane)
- GLUT5
- small intestine (fructose transporter)
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What are the 3 stages of glycolysis?
Investment: 2 ATP used
- Splitting: formation of C-3 intermediates
- production: 2x2=4 ATP + 2 NADH produced
What is product inhibition?
- Glucose 6-phosphate -> hexokinase (except in liver)
Which are the two distinct hexokinases (iso-enzymes)?
- Muscle and brain
- low Km (higher enzyme affinity)
- Product inhibition by Glucose 6-phosphate
Hexokinase 4 (glucokinase)
- liver
- high Km
- Not inhibited by Glucose 6-phosphate
What happens while glycolysis in the stage 1, the investment?
- Glucose to Glucose 6-phosphate Hexokinase
- Glucose 6-phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate Phosphoglucose isomerase
- Fructose 6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Phosphofructokinase
What happens while glycolysis in stage 2, the splitting?
- Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (C6) is split into two C3 molecules Aldolase
- fast conversation of DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) to GAP (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) TIM (Triose phosphate isomerase)
What is the anaerobic glycolysis?
Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose (Step 1 glycolysis)?
Hexokinase
- Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate (G-6P)
- At high concentration G-6P inhibits hexokinase activity (product-inhibition)
Try our study magic for free
a PDF, study it super fast
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- AI makes unlimited flashcards
- Get unlimited quizzes and tests
- Ask AI anything
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- Have and keep perfect overview
- Make flashcards, notes and mind maps
- Review, test and score!
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
