Arboviruses
10 important questions on Arboviruses
Why are insects, birds, bats, planes an effective way for transmission of a pathogen?
- Infections that spread on wings can reach a large area
- blood-sucking insects get directly the pathogen into the blood stream
- but vector pathogen that rely on vectors have an adaptation to survive in the different host species
Which are the mosquitoes-borne genra?
Mosquitoes of the Culicinae Cluex or Aedes
- Culex
- avian reservoirs (birds)
- virus cause encephalitis-like (brain inflammation) diseases
- Aedes
- primate reservoirs
- virus cause haemorrhagic disease (bleeding of organs)
What are the different Aedes mosquitoes?
- complex life cycle with changes in shape, function and habitat
- Egg (on water), larva (in water), pupa (in water), adult mosquito
Aedes albopictus
- can survive in lower temperatures, but also took the ability over to pass the virus DENG/CHIKV over (from Ades aregypti)
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Problems
- Spreading because of human travel, lack of or discontinuation of eradication campaigns, climate change
- differences in ability to transmit virus exists between local mosquito population
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How does the transmission form human to insect occur?
What if the yellow fever virus (YFV)?
- (+)ssRNA enveloped virus
- family Flavivirideae, genus Flavivirus
- Transmitted by daytime active mosquitoes
- Genomic polyprotein which can be cleaved
- Vaccine available (works 100%)
What is the life cycle of Flavivirus? (YFV)
What is the Dengue virus (DENV)?
- Enveloped (+)ssRNA virus
- family Flavivirideae, genus Flavivirus
- Transmission by Aedes: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopicutus
- Genome encodes
- 3 structural → capsid, membrane, and envelope
- 7 nonstructural proteins
What is Chikungunya virus? (CHIKV)
- Enveloped (+)ssRNA virus
- family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus
- Genome encodes
- structural polyprotein → subgenominc mRNA
- non-structural polyprotein → host and viral proteases
- Transmitted by Aedes: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albpicutus
What is the Zika virus? (ZIKV)
- Enveloped (+)ssRNA virus
- family flavivirideae, genus Flavivirus
- Transmitted by Aedes mosquito
What is West Nile virus? (WNV)
- Transmitted by mosquitos of font-weightCulex (birds reservoir)
- night active
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