Skin and biomaterial infection - Biofilms, antimicrobials and resistance
3 important questions on Skin and biomaterial infection - Biofilms, antimicrobials and resistance
How do bacteria attache to biomaterial surface?
- Bacterial attachment on protein-coated biomaterial surface through adhesion
- Biofilm formation through
- Exopolysaccaride production
- Release of DNA
- Factors of proteic nature
What are the steps to form biofilm?
- Primary attachment phase
- Aap and MSCRAMM bind the surface
- Accumulation phase
- Aap/SasG B domaine mediated accumulation and MSCRAMM mediated accumulation
Detachment/dispersion phase:
Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs)
- strongly amphipathic alfa-helical peptides
- biofilm structuring and dispersal
- under quorum sensing control
- (‘Quorum Sensing’ (QS) to describe the phenomenon whereby the accumulation of signaling molecules enable a single cell to sense the number of bacteria (cell density))
What happens to bacteria within biofilm?
- Difficult to phagocytose
- Expressing different gene sets than planktonic
- Regulate gene expression by “quorum sensing”
- Produce extracellular polysaccharide increasing biofilm and/or biofilm dispersing molecules
- Not effectively reached by all antibiotics
- In “dormant state”, bacteria are less susceptible to antibiotics
- Persisting inflammatory stimulus
Local immunity is compromised, allowing intracellular survival
Biomaterial together with bacteria derange immune responses
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