Lit 2: Sustainability
25 important questions on Lit 2: Sustainability
What are the 4 future scenarios with regards to sustainability?
2. Society wins, environment loses - developing countries become developed at the cost of environmental sustainability
3. Developing countries remain unsustainable, developed countries achieve optimum sustainability - society loses, environment wins
4. Unsustainable crisis situation - everyone loses
What is sustainable development?
What is intergenerational justice?
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What are the 3 forms of capital that form the base of the triple bottom line?
2. Environmental capital - natural resources
3. Economic capital - tangible assets expressed in monetary terms
What are the 4 polarising implementations of sustainability?
2. Substitution vs complementation (can it be done by swapping out different types of capital)
3. Status quo vs change (is it possible in existing structures)
4. Masters vs equals (should humans have more rights than other entities in the natural ecosystem)
What are the 2 main sustainability paradigms?
2. Strong sustainability
What are the characteristics of the weak sustainability paradigm?
2. Business masters nature (most extreme case)
3. Aims to achieve sustainability without changing current systems and structures
4. Social and environmental capital are substitutable
5. Believes that pursuit of isolated sustainability will result in globally sustainable development
What are the characteristics of the strong sustainability paradigm?
2. Humanity equal to all living beings in the environment (most extreme case)
3. Promotes disruptive systematic change
4. Achieves sustainable development holistically
What are the most important practical considerations in achieving sustainability?
2. Intergenerational or intragenerational justice
3. Short- or long-term thinking
4. Well-having or well-being
5. Economic development or actual growth
6. Growth or de-growth approach
What are the 5 categories of countries in terms of economic development?
2. Economically developing countries
3. Economically developed countries
4. Sustainably developing countries
5. Sustainably developed countries
What are the characteristics of economically underdeveloped countries?
2. Low levels of consumption and economic activity
3. Environmental impact within planetary resource levels
4. Afghanistan or Niger
What are the characteristics of economically developing countries?
2. Environmental impact begins to exceed planetary limit
3. Mexico or Brazil
What are the characteristics of economically developed countries?
2. Major middle-class, equitable wages and employment schemes
3. Negative environmental impact decreases due to eco coefficient production scheme
4. South Korea or the US
What are the characteristics of sustainably developing countries?
2. Reduced environmental impact due to mainstreaming of sustainable consumption and production
3. Japan or Germany
What are the characteristics of sustainably developed countries?
2. Advanced standard of living
3. No examples yet
What are the 2 main hurdles in achieving sustainability?
2. No developed countries are at a sustainably developed level yet
What are the 2 strategies for countries to become sustainably developed?
2. Developed countries must focus on increasing income equality and decreasing environmental impact to keep with planetary limits
What is a footprint?
Unsustainable = footprint > 1
Biocapacity = footprint = 1
Restoratively sustainable = footprint < 1
How can the business sector add to sustainability?
Goal: company footprint < 1
Instrument: Life-Cycle management
How can the civil society sector add to sustainability?
Goal: personal footprint < 1
Instrument: Lifestyle transformation
How can the government sector add to sustainability?
Goal: country footprint < 1
Instrument: public sustainability policies
What is sustainable management?
What are the 5 levels of business sustainability?
2. Average unsustainable businesses - net negative TBL that is conform with industry average performance
3. Sustainable businesses - small net negative TBL that doesn't exceed biocapacity
4. Neutral impact businesses - net neutral TBL
5. Restorative businesses - net positive TBL, don't deplete and even replenish one/more sources of capital
What are the 4 tools used in impact accounting?
2. Life-cycle inventory - complies all inputs and outputs of a product
3. Life-cycle impact assessment - uses compiled data to identify effects the product has on the TBL
4. Life-cycle interpretation - analyses the assessment
What are the 3 key principles for management practice that prioritises sustainability (impact management)?
2. Eliminating waste of all resources
3. Scale sustainable practices to have a larger impact
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