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• 1 Week 1

• 1.1 Lecture 1

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• Why do companies fail in achieving superior performance through lean?

  Only 2% do achieve
  
  because the focus is only on technical skills, but soft skills are also important to be able to engage employees and suppliers

• Why is improving organizational performance necessary?

  Because macro changes and impacts in the environment enable new organizational forms & competetive dynamics which create management challenges in "a new time"

• What is a common management response to competitive pressure? What is important in responding to competitive pressure?

  red queen phenomenon= Running hard, but for all standing still
  
  important:
  The relative pace of development compared to rivals

• Which 2 aspects in any improvement/change need to be adressed?

  What: needs to change (content)
  How: to bring about that change (process)

• What are the three main processes of change?

  1. become aware of the need for change
  2. Diagnose change conditions
  3. change process and sub-phases

• What does the sigmoid curve depict?

  Outcome of a system as a curve that increases during early-stage development and growth phases flattens at maturity and shifts into decline over time. Decline accelerates when new innovations attract customers away from existing product/service.
  
  Point B is the point where change should be introduced, first brings extra costs, but necessary to keep in front of competitors. At point A need for change becomes obvious but might be too late for company.

• What are the general dimensions of change/improvement models?

  • Scale: E.G. SC, department, teams
  • Scope/pace: icremental/continuous - radical/discontinuous
  • Source: Anticipatory- reactive
    

• What are the 4 types of organizational change?

  1. tuning
  2. adapting
  3. redirecting/reorienting
  4. overhauling/recreating

• What are additional dimensions of change/improvement models?

  • Thinking first-seeing first-doing first
  • Programmatic-discontinuous-emergent change
  • Unilateral(system&structures-->attitutes)-participative(attitutes-->system&structures)
  • Techno-structural change(based in structures,systems and technology) - behavioral-social change(altering established relationships)
    

• What is the difference between planned and emergent change?

  Planned: intentional,rational, formal
  Emergent: ongoing, unpredictable informal