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A snapshot of the summary - Living in the environment
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1 Environmental problems, their causes, and sustainability
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Of which parts does natural capital consist?- natural resources (materials and energy in nature that are essential or useful for humans; air, water, soil, life (biodiversity), coal)
- natural services (processes which support life and human economies, purification of air, water, renewal of topsoil) -
what is the definition of the ecological foodprint?the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to provide the people in a particular country or area with an indefinite supply of renewable resources and to absorb and recycle the wastes and pollution produced by that resource use.
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of which factors does the IPAT model consists and what does it measure?Impact = population x Affluence (consumption) x technology (positive and bad effects)
impact = how much a population is degrading the natural capital it depends upon. -
What is the ecological tipping point?The point after which the behavior of the natural system is changed irreversibly.
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What are the three major cultural changes that occured in human history?1. agricultural revolution (how to grow and breed plants and animals)
2. industrial-medical revolution (mechanical, large-scale production , based on fossil fuels and medical advances)
3. information-globalization revolution (new technologies for more access to information and resources on a global scale) -
What are the three main environmental worldviews?1. planetary managment worldview: we are separate from and in charge of nature, which exist to meet our needs.
2. stewardship worldview: we can and should manage the earth but we have an ethical responsibility to be caring;
3. environmental wisdom worldview: we are part of and dependent on nature. nature exists of all species and not just for us. integrating environmental wisdom in the way we act is crucial. -
What is an environmentally sustainable society?Living sustainable means living of the earth's natural income (rente) without depleting or degrading the natural capital (je spaargeld) that supplies it.
A society that meets the current and future basic resource needs of its people in a just and equitable manner without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their basic needs. -
1.1 What are three principles of sustainability
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What is natures survival strategy?
It follows three principles of sustainability: solar energy, biodiversity and chemical cycling.
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Why do countries differ in levels of unsustainability?
Economic growth and development influences the sustainability
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1.1.1 Environmental science is a study of connections in nature
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What is environmental science?An interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with the living and nonliving parts of their environment.
It integrates information and ideas from:
- natural sciences (biology, chemistry, geology)
- social sciences (geography, economics, political science)
- humanities (philosophy, ethics)
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