Gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway
13 important questions on Gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway
What percentage of NADPH is needed for fatty acid synthesis?
Neutral energetics - mass driven equilibrium
To which extent is the nature of protein relevant for the outcome of gluconeogenesis?
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How much gram glucose can be formed out of 100 gram protein?
- 100 gram protein = 100/137= 0.73 mol
- Max 1 PEP per amino acid can be formed
- 0.73 mol of PEP --> 0.73/2(because 2 molecules) = 0.36 mol glucose
- 0.36 mol glucose = 0.36x180 = 66 gram glucose
Energetics in glucose substrate cycling:
- PF kinase: -1 from glycolysis
- Pyr. kinase: +2 from glycolysis and -4 from gluconeogenesis = -2
- Mito membrane: -2 from gluconeogenesis
--> Total: -6 in glucose substrate cycling
Costs glucose substrate cycling, related to level:
- G-6-P: -1
- F-1,6-P: -2
- PEP: -2
- Pyruvate: -6 (2 pyruvate, so 2x -3)
A high formation of acetyl-coa change to
High level of AMP and low ATP stimulates
Low level of AMP and high ATP stimulates
The lactic pathway is used by which organs/cells when ratio of oxygen supply to oxygen need falls below critical level?
heart (myocardial ischemia can occur under (long time) anaerobic conditions)
What about the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy)?
- Lactate --> glucose requires 8 ATP
- But there is always conservation of energy, relating to heat production
What is the ratio in ATP yield of aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of glucose?
- EE aerobic = 35%
- EE anaerobic = 75%
NADH released during glycolysis is re-used in:
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