Read the summary and the most important questions on Milk in the Dairy Chain

• Introduction & Milk composition

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• Which animals species produce milk?

  Mammals (zoogdieren)

• Milk is produced by mammals. Is milk production unique to mammals?

  No, pigeons also produce milk....
  
  
  Ze weken het voedsel, waardoor het een soort van melk wordt, maar het is te debatteren...
  
  When is it called milk..?

• Is perspiration (sweating) unique to mammals?

  Yes, only mammals produce sweat

• Give examples of dairy products and diary ingredients

  Dairy products
  
  

  • Yoghurt
  • cheese
  • butter
  • ice cream
  • condensed milk
  • chocolate milk
  • butter milk
  • whipped cream
  • vla
  • quark/kwark

  
  
  Dairy ingredients
  

  • Taxi
  • Rivella
  • Medicine
  • Animal feed
  • Infant formula
  • pancakes
  • meat replacers
  • plastics
  • protein powder
  • tortellini

• How is the dairy production chain looks like?

  This figure shows the direction of the product going from farm to consumer. 
  
  However, it is not a one-way process, because the consukmers demand products, which have consequences for the whole dairy chain. 

• What is the composition of milk?

  
  Average content in milk (% w/w)Water  --  86.6
  Solids-not-fat  --  9.0
  Lactose  --  4.6 
  Fat  --  4.4 
  Protein  --  3.4 
  Casein  --  2.7 
  Minerals  --  0.7 
  Organic acids  --  0.17 

• There are many factors that can affect milk composition (4)

  Cow breed
  Feed composition
  Seasonal and geographic variation 

• Put the relative size of the following components in order from small to bigCasein micelle; fat globule; whey protein 

  Whey protein; casein micelle; fat globule 

• What are the major fatty acids found in milk fat?(fatty acids are composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group)

  Saturated & Unsaturated
  
  Myristic 11.1
  Palmitic 27.9
  Stearic 12.2
  

  • samen 2/3 of milk fatty acids 

  
  Oleic 17.2 (unsaturated)

• What is the protein composition?

  Caseins 
  

  • Depending on species 2-4 different caseins 

  
  Serum (whey) proteins
  

  • Always alfa-lactalbumin 
  • 100's of other proteins depending on specie