Read the summary and the most important questions on Module 11

• 1 Module 11

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• Why biology book calls sponges "tireless, natural pumps." Why is this a good description of sponges?

  Sponges continue to "pump" water through their bodies at a continuous rate.

• If a sponge has plenty of good but cannot distribute it to all of its cells, what is the sponge missing?

  The sponge is missing amoebocytes

• If a sponge feels hard and prickly, does it contain spicules or spogins.

  It contains spicules. If it contained spogins, it would feel softer.

• An organism has a mouth, tentacles, and a gut. It also has bilateral symmetry. Can it be placed in phylum Cnidaria?

  No. All organisms in Phylum Cnidaria have radical symmetry.

• If a clownfish were to brush up against a hydra, would the hydra release its nematocysts into the clownfish? If so, why or why not?

  Yes. The hydra's nematocysts are released based on pressure and not based on chemicals like the anemone.

• Why dont cnidarians need any sort of repiratory and excretion systems?

  They have such thin epithelial cell layers that gases and waste products can be directly exchanged with its surroudnings through the body itself.

• What form is a jellyfish(phylum cnidarian) in if it reproduces sexually?

  Medusa from

• If an earthworm cannot ingest soil, what organ is malfunctioning(barring that the mouth is fully functional? Explain why.

  The pharnyx. It is because the pharnyx is the organ that "sucks in" the soil.

• What process will stop if the earthworm's cuticle dries up?

  Its respiration process will stop. The cuticle helps exchange oxygen and gases through the epidermis.

• If an earthworm's seminal vesicle is empty but its oviducts are full, has the earthworm mated?

  It has mated.