Read the summary and the most important questions on Neuropsychology of Dysfunction | Vrije Universiteit

• 1 NCD 1

• 1.1 Neuropsychiatry

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• What is Neuropsychiatry compared to neighboring disciplines?

  Psychiatry = studies psychopathological phenomeno, symptoms of abnormal states of mind.

  Psychiatry = causes of mental disorders, gives their description, predicts their future course and outcome, looks for prevention of their appearance and presents ways of their treatment

  Psychopathology= symptoms of mental disorders

• 1.2.3.1 Qualitative

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• TYPES OF DELUSIONS- According to THEME

  a) paranoid / persecutory

  del of reference, jealousy, control, or concerns possession of thought

  b) megalomanic (grandiose, expansive)

  del of power, worth, noble origin, supernatural skills and strength, amorous

  c) depressive (micromanic, melancholic)

  del of guilt, worthlessness, nihilistic, hypocondriacal

  d) concerning the possession of thoughts

  - t. insertion / withdrawal / broadcasting

• TYPES OF DELUSIONS - According to ONSET

  a) primary (mood, perception)

  b) secondary (sytematized)

  c) shared (folie a deux)

• 1.2.3.2 Quantitative

• Quantitative (formal) dys of thinking

  - pressure of thought

  - poverty of T

  - T blocking

  - flight of ideas

  - perseveration

  - loosening of associations

  - word salad / incoherent thinking

  - neologisms

• 1.3 Schizophrenia

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• Levels of Cog Dysf in Schizophrenia

  Severe: Dysfunctional sustained attention, working mem, episodic mem for verbal learning, processing speed

  Moderate: Dysf in manual dexterity, selective attention, episodic spatial mem, delayed recall, procedural mem, executive functions, verbal fluency

  Mild: LT factual mem, perceptual skills, delayed recognition, naming

• Treatment of Cog Dysf in Schizophrenia

  - Cog remediation quite effective

  - failure: cholinesterase inhib, SSRI, antidepressants and glutamatergic agents

• Cognitive Impairments in Schiz

  - Social abnormalities

  - Prodormal cog dysfunction.

  Espec, verbal memory and olfactory function (subpsychotic symptoms) attentional and working mem dysfunction

  - First psychotic episode

  no progressive change immediately after onset till quite later in life

  - cog impair after 1st episode ressemble consequences of static encephalopathy

  - repeated psychosis in treatment-resistant patients = progressive cognitive decline

  - prodrome SZ more sign cog deficits than in BP

• 1.5.1 Depressive Episode - Cognitive Symptoms

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• Moderate Depressive Episode

  4 or more

  +

  greater severity

  considerable difficulty

• Mild Depressive Episodes

  2 or 3 or the ICD symptoms

  depressed mood

  anhedonia

  incr. fatigability

  distressed by sympt.

  some difficulty in continuing ordinary work and social activities

• Severe Depressive Episode without Psychotic Symptoms

  - considerable distress or agitation

  - loss of self esteem

  - feelings of uselessness or guilt

  - somatic sympt

  - suicidal risk increased