Pressures
3 important questions on Pressures
Fluid Gradients and Overpressures
• No matter how high the overpressures, the slope of
fluid (or gas) gradients will not change
• An overpressured gradient will be parallel to the
non-overpressured gradient
• The slope of the gradient is determined by the
weight of the fluid
• Water gradients are ±1.03 bar/10 m
• Lithostatic gradient is ±2.3 bar/10 m
• Oil gradients are between of 0.78 to 0.93 bar/10m
• Gas gradients are between 0.23 and 0.32 bar/10m
Overpressure in The Dutch Subsurface
Increasing overpressures towards the
North because of:
– Increased thickness of Tertiary to recent
burial
– Slow dewatering towards the south and
up the section
• Other factors contributing, e.g.:
– Shaly facies of Rotliegend and
Triassic in the northern sector of the
Dutch subsurface
– Presence of sealing faults providing
pressure seals
Protected Trap Concept
If traps are connected by a continuous
aquifer, seal failure will occur first in
the shallowest trap.
Deeper accumulations are “protected”,
as the maximum aquifer pressure is
constrained by the shallowest point of
the pressure cell.
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