Read the summary and the most important questions on Nutrition and the Aging Body

• 2 Intro to ageing

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• What is a healthy lifespan?

  • Healthspan
    
  • Years of life spend in good health
  • Controversy
  • Helpful concept for interventions preventing aging-related deteriorations
    

  
  
  Healthspan of zero years when having diabetes type 1 from burn onwards
  
  

  • Gap with lifespan is increasing

• What are the main reasons of the gap [gap with lifespan is increasing]

  • Cardiovascular diseases
    
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Cancer
  • Alzheimer's disease and dementia

  
  
  bodem slides, you want the blue line in stead of the purple line 

• Where has COVID-19 influence on?

  • Maximum lifespan (possible but not per se)
    
  • Average lifespan 
  • Healthspan 
  • Socio-economic gap in healthspan 

• What are the 5 blue zones? And what are blue zones?

  • Loma Linda
    
  • Nicoya, Costa Rica
  • Sardinia, Italy
  • Icaria, Greece
  • Okinawa, Japan

  
  
  

  1. areas of exceptional longevity
  2. highly active
  3. low level of stress
  4. strong community
  5. locally produced food, non-processed

• What is the effect of lifestyle on lifespan smoking physical inactivity alcohol abuse diabetes BMIhypertension 

  • smoking - 4.8 y
  • physical inactivity - 2.4 y
  • alcohol abuse - 0.5 y

  • diabetes - 3.9 y

  • BMI - 0.7 y
  • hypertension - 1.6 y

• What includes genetics vs lifestyle?

  • Long-lived sibling increases change to reach high age
    
  • Parents and offspring of long-lived persons also reach higher ages
  • However, also spouses of long-lived persons reach higher ages

  
  
  Longevity families: combination of genetics, environment and cultural factors 

• Spouses (your men, wife) are not genetically similar, but why do they also have higher change to reach a higher age?

  Because they share 
  

  • traits
  • behaviour
  • environment

• What is the estimation of true heredity of lifespan?

  Max 25%
  Most recent estimates around 12%
  
  Twin studies are used to unravel the true genetics determinants from environmental determinants 
  
  Compare monozygotic vs dizygotic

• What are the male aging facts?

  • Testosterone production/ levels decrease gradually beginning around age 30
    
  • Sperm production does not stop
  • not all men experience low testosterone and sperm production

• What are the female menopause facts?

  • Estrogen (female sex hormone) production drops rapidly beginning around age 40
    
  • egg production stops completely
  • all women experience low estrogen and egg production
  • FSH increases!!