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A snapshot of the summary - Nutrition and the Brain
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L2 basic principles brain function
This is a preview. There are 36 more flashcards available for chapter 06/04/2021
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There are different types of neurons, which one? And which one do you see the most in the brain
- Unipolar
- Bipolar
- Pseudounipolar
- Multipolar
Multipolar - Unipolar
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Which
Glial Cell types are in the CNS? And which are in thePNS ?CNS- Astrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte
- Microglia
- Ependymal cell
PNS- Satellite cell
- Schwann cell
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How does the neurotransmitter release works?
- Synapse
- Action potential
- Membrane
depolarisation Ca2 + influxSyntaxin --> docking of the synaptic vesicle
- Synaptic vesicle contains neurotransmitter (e.g. dopamine, serotonin)
- Synapse
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What do you need for instant synthesisEndocannabinoids
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What is synaptic
plasticity (neuronal communication) It is a base of learning processes- After long term
potentiation (LTP ),synaptic communication is strengthened - Base of learning and memory processes
- Challenge and stimulate your brain, else synapses degenerate
- After long term
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How can you enter into the brain (blood-brain-barrier)
- Molecules diffuse across membranes (e.g., oxygen and other gases, lipid-permeable compounds)
- Transporter molecules (e.g., glucose transporters)
- High electrical charge slows down diffusion across membranes
- Highly restricted: neuroactiva compounds (e.g., glutamate, adrenalin, dopamine)
- Molecules diffuse across membranes (e.g., oxygen and other gases, lipid-permeable compounds)
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Lipids; diffuse across membranes. Within the brain they are involved in:
- Neuronal membranes
- Myelin
- Endocannabinoids
- Neuronal membranes
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How do astrocytes work ???
- If there are low glucose levels:
Astrocytes produce lactate (glycogen storage) - Lactate: Metabolized by neurons and
oligodendrocytes - If there are high glucose levels: Glycogen storage restored
Lactate levels of the brain: Hypoxia,Neurodegenerative diseases - If there are low glucose levels:
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What happens in Alzheimer's disease? (Pathologies)
- Reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism (early)
- Disturbed glucose metabolism is associated with AD progression (reduces GLUT1 expression in BBB and astrocytes)
- Reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism (early)
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What happens in Parkinson's disease? (Pathologies)
- Widespread cortical hypo-metabolism
- Glucose
hypermetabolisme in the external pallidum
- Widespread cortical hypo-metabolism
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