NP11 Efficiency of fat synthesis
7 important questions on NP11 Efficiency of fat synthesis
What is the efficiency? [16 mol needed for 1 mol glycerol-Tri-stearate]
What happens if you eat Ackee, West African fruit in Carribean area?
- Mechanisme: cells are blocked for beta-oxidation FA. Glucose is rapidly used, depleting energy. Jamaican vomiting sickness, seizures, coma death
- moreover, liver gluconeogenesis is blocked --> hypoglycaemia. Most likely, heart failure underlies lethality
What is the reason that anaerobic metabolism is only possible for glucose and not for breakdown of other energy substrates (e.g. Beta-oxidation of FA)
FA need OXPHOS and therefor O2 is needed and H20 will be produced
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The metabolism of ethanol (alcohol) (cytoplasmic)
- 3 O2 is needed
Aspirin/paracetamol inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase --> hangover
Fructose activates the enzyme --> no hangover
Energetic efficiency
- Calculate the efficiency for the energy trapping in ATP after complete oxidation of Tri-stearate
- GE stearic acid 11.347 kJ (120 ATP)
- GE glycerol 1.661 kJ (16.5 ATP)
- GE ATP 33 kJ
- Compare this efficiency with glucose
- GE stearic acid 11.347 kJ (120 ATP)
- GE glycerol 1.661 kJ (16.5 ATP)
- GE ATP 33 kJ
Glycerol = 16.5*33 = 544.5 kJ
GE = 3*11.347 + 1.661 = 35.702 kJ
E.E. = (11.880 + 544.5) / 35.702 * 100% = 35%
E.E. Of glucose = 35%
E.E. Of FA stearate = (120*3)/11.347 *100% = 35%
What is the difference in ATP-yield between: Palmitic (C16:0) and Linoleic (C18:2) acid?
-1.5 *2 = 3 ATP
The difference is 14 - 3 = 11 ATP
Fermenation
Fermentation can produce so-called VFA (volatile fatty acids); a product of microbiota.
- Which fatty acids are meant?
- What is a principal and nutritional relevant difference between them (catabolism)?
- Which one is preferred (ruminants!)?
- Acetate (C2), Propionate (C3), Butyrate (C4)
- Acetate and butyrate (even C)
- vs propionate (C3)
- propionate can go into the TCA
- Propionate; in rumen
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