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• What is a socio-technical approach?

  this approach does not only consist out of technical specifications but also environment (business, society, users etc.)

• out of which 5 steps does the design cycle consist?

  1. problem definition
  2. diagnosis
  3. outline design
  4. intervention
  5. evaluation

• what are the three different designs?

  1. the object design: model of the system or process to be realized
  2. the realization design: a model of the material process through which the object design is to be realized
  3. the process design: a design of the process of analysis and design that is to produce the object and realization design

• What are the four categories of design criteria?

  1. funcional requirements: core of the requirement in terms of output and transformation process
  2. user requirements: specific for the type of users
  3. boundary conditions: these conditions are specific for where the product will be in operation
  4. design restrictions: these will be determined by the manufacturer

• multi model flow production

  • produces for stock. doesn't allow customer order driven manufacturing 
  • leads to optimization of learning curve effect --> lengthening production cycles.

• what are the two manufacturing ways?

  1. Economical: --> transformation of materials into items of greater value
     
  2. technologic: application of physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry, properties, appearance of a given starting material to make parts or products

• what are the three types of processing operations?

  1. shaping operations
  2. property enhancing operations: adds value by improving physical without changing shape
  3. surface processing operations: clean, treat, coat or deposit on exterior

• What is holistic approach within engineering ?

  the design is regarded as one system, performing a specific transformation process and with a defined input and output.

• name the four modeling tools

  1. algebraic expressions --> such as natural laws
  2. stochastic approach --> for uncertainty principles in physics, describe behavior of physical or social processes
  3. information flows --> depicted with figures
  4. verbal --> describing unknown or not understood phenomena

• What are the five forces of porter and what do they stand for?

  These forces cause innovation because of lower profit margins:
  

  1. Threat of new entrants: specialist knowledge, cost advantages, technology protection
  2. bargaining power of buyers: number of buyers, order sizes, differences between competitors, price sensitivity, ability to substitute 
  3. threat of substitutes: substitute performances, cost of change
  4. supplier power: number/size of supplier, uniqueness of services
  5. rivalry among existing competitors: quality differences, customer loyalty