Read the summary and the most important questions on Onderzoekspracticum Kwalitatief Onderzoek

• 1 Thema 1

• 1.1.1 Hoofdstuk 1 (blz. 1 - 20)

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• What is onthology and epistemology?

  Ontology: what is the nature of the social world and what is there to know about it?
  
  Epistemology: How can we learn about the social world and what is the basis of our knowledge?

• 1.3.1 Hoofdstuk 3 (Blz. 48 - 60)

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• What are the particular features of good research?

  - Clear, intelligible and unambigious
  - Focused, but not too narrow
  - capable of being researched through data collection
  - Feadible, given the resources available

• What are the features of sub-questions?

  - Fall under the umbrella of the overall research question or aim
  - Match one another and follow logically
  - Are answerable and researchable

• What is ideologocial hegemony?

  Refers to certain concepts being repeatedly presented in such similar ways in the existing literature that researchers uncritically adopt and recreate this conceptualisation.

• What are three unhelpful approaches that can mistakely be undertaken when developing research questions?

  1. Simplistic inductivism: in which researchers immerse themselves in the research setting, hoping that constructs and ideas will emerge through in-depth exposure.
  2. Kitchen sinkers: whose minds are cluttered by all kinds of unordered and unstructured ideas.
  3. Grand theorists: who are too uncritically attached to a theory and need to be reminded of the role of new data in their study.

• Why has the adequancy of the Original data for the new research aims and ethics of secondary data analysis need to be considered carefully?

  1. It may be that certain subjects areas were not central to the Original objectives, and that this is reflected in the data available. This will limit the depth that secondary analysis can go to and may even lead to misleading results.
  2. The Original data need to be of high quality in terms of the conduct of the Original data collection.

• What do we need to consider when we decide on the type of data required?

  - The importance of context: Generated data allow participants to describe the personal or organisational contexts in which the research issue is located. But when experiencing the research phenomenon in its real setting is critical to understanding, then observation data may also be required.
  
  - Whether a recounting of the research phenomenon is likely to be sufficiently detailed, accurate or complete
  
  
  - Whose interpretation is paramount: Naturally occuring data relies on the researcher's interpretation. Often both are needed.
  
  
  - Accessibility and feasibility: Are there documents, interactions and setting- wheter real or virual - where the phenomenon is displayed, and are they accessible to the researcher?

• 1.5.2 Hoofdstuk 5 (blz. 113 - 116)

• What are the three kinds of Sampling Strategies?

  1. Puposive Sampling
  The selection is criterion-based, because of their particular features.
  - Ensure that all key constituencies of relevance to the subject matter are covered.
  - Ensure that enough diversity is included so that the impact of the characteristic concerned can be explored.
  
  2. Theoretical Sampling
  The researchers samples units on the basis of their potential contribution in testig theoretical constructs. The process is iretative: The researcher picks an initial sample, analyses the data and then select a further sample.
  
  
  3. Convenience Sampling
  Selection is purely based on the basis of who is available.

• What are the five types of Purposive Sampling?

  1. Homogenous Sampling
  2. Heterogenous Sampling/Maximum Variation Sampling
  3. Extreme Case/Deviant Sampling: Cases are chosen because they are unusual or special.
  4. Stratified Purposive Sampling: the aim is to select groups that display variation.
  5. Critical/Typical Case Sampling: Cases are chosen on the basis that they specifically demonstrate a particular position or are privotal in the delivery of a process or operation.

• 1.5.3 Hoofdstuk 5 (blz. 123 -143, niet box 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5)

• What are the two key types of sample frames?

  
  1. Existing Sources
  - Administrative records
  
  - Published Lists
  - Survey Samples
  
  2. Generated Sampling Frames
  
  - Gatekeepers
  - A Household Screen
  - Flow Populations: approaching people in a particular location
  - Sampling via websites
  - Snowballing
  - Chain Sampling: the link between two people is relevant