Read the summary and the most important questions on Org. Sciences

• Introducing Org. Sciences

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• What is the difference between line and staff management?

  Line management = responsible for the core activities
  Staff management = provides advice, support and control

• What are the elements of bureaucratic organizations according to Fayol?

  - Division of labour
  - Specialization of functions (knowledge and proficiency) 
  - Chain of authority ensures coordination and discipline

• What contains technical understanding (Fayol)?

  1. Subordinate shouldn't receive orders from more than 1 superior
  2. Use organizational charts
  3. Distinction between line and staff management
  4. Span of control/Supervise effectively (only formal)

• BUREAUCRACY, EFFICIENCY & FORMS OF CONTROL

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• What is the difference between monitoring and surveillance?

  Monitoring = neutral (performances)
  Surveillance = involves power, politics, resistance and meaning making (a necessity and a taken for granted element) --> supervisor (hierarchy)

• When do controversies exist within surveillance/monitoring?

  1. When monitoring goes beyond what is reasonable
  2. When they demand exacting and precise info
  3. When it compromises working practices and affects levels of trust

• What is function creep?

  More than one kind of surveillance (f.e. mystery shopping)
  More common: peer-to-peer; self discipline and self surveillance (embedded in social practices)

• How is surveillance developing?

  1. Through personal data (online data base --> e-recruitment)
  2. Biometrics (drug/alcohol test)
  3. Covert surveillance (email check)

• Why do organizations monitor?

  1. Businesses are keen to maintain productivity
  2. Protect corporate interests and trade secrets
  3. Protect company for legal liabilities

• Why can excessive monitoring be detrimental (schadelijk)?

  1. Compromising privacy if employees do not authorize (and it is broadcasted to third parties)
  2. Can exhibit function creep (more info then intended)
  3. Reduced creative behaviour
  4. Sends strong message of what behaviour is expected
  Also: anticipatory conformity (docile and accepting); trust levels at risk!    
  
  --> can produce the behaviours it was meant to prevent (worker resistance and the development of counter-institutional websites; synopticism (many watch the few)

• What are the mediating effects when companies use surveillances? (Stanton: task design)

  - Whether the employee has a choice in the pace and timing of the tasks
  - If it is constant or at regular intervals
  - Has to be appropriate
  - As individual, or as group
  
  Results should be balanced by other wider feedback, such as coaching and appraisal (communicate clearly and involve employees)