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Individual values, perceptions, and reactions

4 important questions on Individual values, perceptions, and reactions

explain the figure Positive and Negative Affect

Affect can vary anywhere along a continuum
ranging from positive affect to negative affect.
As illustrated here, it is also possible to fall in
between these extremes and reflect neither
positive nor negative affect.

attribution and the figure that illustrate the attribution process

The way we explain the causes of our
own as well as other people’s behaviors
and achievements, and understand why people do what they do

The attribution process involves observing
behavior and then attributing causes to it.
Observed behaviors are interpreted in terms
of their consensus, their consistency, and their
distinctiveness. Based on these interpretations,
behavior is attributed to either internal or external
causes.

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Identifies three stages of response to a stressor:
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Workload, Stress, and Performance

Too much stress is clearly undesirable, but too little stress can also lead to unexpected problems.
For example, too little stress may result in boredom and apathy and be accompanied
by low performance. And although too
much stress can cause tension, anxiety, and
low performance, for most people there is an
optimal level of stress that results in high energy, motivation, and performance.