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Introduction to the field of organizational behavior

57 important questions on Introduction to the field of organizational behavior

How do we call an arrangement whereby employees work from home one, or more days per month rather than commute to the office?

telecommuting

What are the risks of remote work?

Social isolation
Less promotional opportunities

What are the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting?

advantages;

higher productivity of the telecommuters
reduces greenhouse gas emissions
reduces real estate and related costs for the company

disadvantages;

more social isolation reported by telecommuters
receive less word of mouth information (tips of coworkers during coffee break)
lower team cohesion and weaker organizational structure

How does one get a better work-life integration?

Integrating multiple roles (meeting while walking)
Flexible work schedule
Work and non-work is aligned with personality
Boundary management

How do we call the observable demographic or physiological differences in people, such as race, ethnicity, gender, age and physical abilities?

surface-level diversity

What are the different types of task performance?

Proficiency
Adaptivity
Proactivity

How do we call differences in psychological characteristics of employees?

deep-level diversity

What two components make up organizational citizenship?

Helpfulness
Support

How do we call when members of a team have different knowledge and skills?

high informational diversity teams.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a high diversity work place?

advantages;

high informational diversity teams tend to be more creative, and make better decisions
high diversity workplaces are more representative for most communities, are better at recognizing and addressing community needs

disadvantages;

it takes longer to perform effectively due to communication problems.
increase risk of dysfunctional conflict, causes reduction of information sharing and satisfaction of co-workers

What does the MARS model stand for?

Motivation
Ability
Role perception
Situation

(If one is absent the employee will not perform well)

How do we call making decisions and taking actions guided by research evidence?

evidence-based management

What makes up the M in the MARS-model?

Motivation

Direction
Intensity
Persistency

How do we call a basic beliefs or knowledge structures?

anchors

What makes up the A in the MARS model?

Ability

Learned capabilities
Natural aptitudes

On which anchors is organizational behavior built?

systematic research anchor
multidisciplinary anchor
contingency anchor
multiple levels of analysis anchor

What makes up the R in the MARS model?

Role perception

Specific duties and outcomes
Clarity desired behaviour
Clear priority

What makes of the S in the MARS model?

Situation

Constraints or facilitates behaviour
Guides and motivates

Which anchor of organizational behavior is described; the field of OB should welcome theories an knowledge from other disciplines, not just from it's own isolated research base

the multidisciplinary anchor

How to implement evidence based management?

Being skeptic
Embracing collective knowledge rather than individual's knowledge
Taking a neutral stance
Using stories as a base but not a main foundation

Which anchor of organizational behavior is described; recognizing that the effectiveness of a variable or action depends on the characteristics of the situation or the people involved.

the contingency anchor

Why is evidence based research often overlooked?

There are too many ideas to figure out which are evidence based
There is difficulty matching specific research to a specific problem
Rewards are given for ideas not for research
Perceptual errors
Biases

Which anchor of organizational behavior is described; what goes on in organizations can be analyzed on three levels; individual, team and organization.

the multiple levels of analysis anchor

What is the contingency anchor?

A single outcome rarely exists

How do we call the concept of how effective an organization is in achieving the outcomes the organization intends to produce?

organizational effectiveness

What are domains of challenges for organizations?

technological challenges
emerging employment relationships
globalisation
diversity

Of which two concepts does emerging employment relationships consist?

work-life balance
telecommuting

What is the practical orientation anchor?

Theories have to be focussed on their practical application

Which perspectives of organizational effectiveness are there?

the open system perspective
the organizational learning perspective
the high performance work practices perspective
the stakeholders perspective.

What is the systematic research anchor?

Research has to be based on evidence through steps of research questions, collecting data and testing hypotheses

What are the key features that make an organization effective?

a good fit with their external environment
are a learning organization
have efficient and adaptive internal subsystems
satisfy the need of stakeholders.

Which perspective of organizational effectiveness is described; effectiveness of organizations depends on the external environment for input, and on their internal subsystems for output.

the open systems perspective

Of which two concepts does the open system perspective consist?

match with the environment
internal match

When does an organization fit with it's environment?

when input, processes and output allign with resources, needs and expectations of the environment.

What key features does an organization need to create an internal match?

the subsystems in an organization need to work together to transform inputs into outputs.
work together to provide desired outputs (products, services), and hold back undesired outputs (pollution, waste)

What are inputs and outputs of an organization?

inputs;

raw materials
human resources
information
financial resources
equipment

outputs;

products
services
support
waste
pollution

Which indicators of the effectiveness of an organization's subsystems in transferring inputs into outputs is described; produce more goods or services with less labor, materials and energy.

efficiency

Which indicators of the effectiveness of an organization's subsystems in transferring inputs into outputs is described; extend to which an organization conforms to it's external environment.

adaptability

Which indicators of the effectiveness of an organization's subsystems in transferring inputs into outputs is described; designing products and work processes that are superior to what the competition has to offer.

innovativeness

Which perspective of organizational effectiveness is described; organizational effectiveness depends on the organization's capacity to acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge.

organizational learning perspective

Of which two concepts does the organizational learning perspective consist?

intellectual capital
learning processes.

Which concept of the organizational learning perspective is described; a company's stock of knowledge.

the intellectual capital.

In which three forms does the intellectual capital exist?

human capital
structural capital
relationship capital

How do we call the stock of knowledge, skills and abilities among employees that provide economic value to the company?

human capital

How do we call knowledge embedded in an organization's systems and structures?

structural capital

How do we call the value derived from an organization's friendships with customers, suppliers and others?

relationship capital

Which organizational learning processes are there?

acquiring knowledge
sharing knowledge
using knowledge
storing knowledge.

Which organizational learning process is described; bringing in knowledge from the external environment and from discovery.

acquiring knowledge

Which organizational learning process is described; distributing knowledge throughout the organization.

sharing knowledge

Which organizational learning process is described; the applying of knowledge to improve the organizational processes.

using knowledge

Which organizational learning process is described; retaining knowledge, organizational memory.

storing knowledge

What are the high performance work practices?

employee involvement
job autonomy (self-organization)
competency development
rewards for performance and competencies

What high performance work practices cause; strengthened employee motivation, improved decision making, accelerated organizational responsiveness, and increased employmee commitment to change.

employee involvement and job autonomy

What high performance work practice is described; recruiting, selecting and training employees so they have useful skills.

employee competency development

What high performance work practice is described; linking performance and skill development to various financial and non-financial rewards valued by employees.

rewards for performance and competencies

Which perspective of organizational effectiveness is described; organizational effectiveness depends on focussing on relationships with parties in the external, or internal environment.

the stakeholders perspective

What are ways for an organization to match it's environment?

adapt to the environment (products, services based on needs of customers)
influence the environment
move to a more favorable environment

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The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Organizational Behavior | 9781259921704 | Steven L McShane, et al

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