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• Palmer ch 2

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• What are the 2 key images of managing?

  1. Management as control 
  2. Management as shaping

• What are the characteristics of management as control?

  1. Characterises management as involving activities such as planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling
  2. Is associated with a top-down hierarchical view of managing
  3. Organisation is seen as a machine

• What are the characteristics of management as shaping?

  1. Managing is about shaping an organisation. 
  2. Participative style of management 
  3. Organisation is treated as living organism

• What are the 3 broad strategies for producing intentional change?

  1. Empirical-rational strategies 
  2. Normative-re-educative strategies 
  3. Power-coercive strategies

• What are empirical-rational strategies?

  A strategy for intentional change that assumes that people are rational, and that effective change occurs when it has been demonstrated as desirable and can be aligned with the interests of the group affected by the change. 

• What are normative-re-educative strategies?

  Strategy for intentional change that assumes that change occurs when people dispense their old, normative orientations and gain commitment to new ones. Change involves not only change in knowledge and information but also in attitude and value. 

• What are power-coercive strategies?

  Strategies for intentional change that rely upon achieving intentional change by those with greater power gaining compliance in behaviour from those with lesser power.

• Why is the link between what is intended and the final outcome not necessarily direct according to Mintzberg and Waters?

  Both intended and unintended consequences may emerge from the actions of change managers.

• What are the characteristics of the director image?

  1. Management is control and change outcomes are achievable
  2. Change manager has to direct the organisation in particular ways in order to produce required change
  3. Survival and general well-being of company rely on manager choices  
  4. Underpinned by n-step models

• What is an n-step model?

  Model that outlines a set of steps that change managers should use to implement the change. It has an optimistic view that change can be achieved as long as the steps are followed