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Summary: Pharmacokinetics
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Read the summary and the most important questions on pharmacokinetics
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1 pharmacokinetics
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Plasma-concentration time curve: three phases
Rising phase: absorption is dominant, top: absorption is equal to elimination, Falling phase: elimination is dominant -
Plasma-concentration time curve: MEC
Minimal Effective Concentration. The minimal concentration of drug needed in the body to have a therapeutic effect. -
Plasma-concentration time curve: MTC
Minimal Toxic Concentration. Above this concentration the drug cna have toxic effects -
Where does most absorption take place?
small intestines. It has microvilli and thus a large surface area. -
Which factors affect passive diffusion?
concentration gradient, surface area, drug propertie (mol weight, lipophilicity, degree of ionisation) -
Two characteristics of facilitated diffusion
Saturable (if all transporters are occupied), Competition (affinity for the transporter) -
Two characteristics of active transport
ATP dependent, saturable, competition -
4 drug factors influencing absorption
1 size
2 dosage form (liquid, solid)
3 degree of ionization (charge, pKa)
4 lipophilicity -
5 physiological factors influencing absorption
1 gastrointestinal pH > has effect on charge of drug
2 surface area
3 gastric emptying (take with food then delay the absorption process)
4 intestinal motility > has effect on the amount of time the drug is in the intestines (constipation or diarroea)
5 blood perfusion -
Which state of an acidic drug is best absorbed?
Unionized form is the undissociated form and is best absorbed.
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