Home / Summaries / Pien's aantekeningen / supplements-increase-muscle

8 good questions and answers about "Supplements and ergogenic aids"

What are sport supplements?

A food, food component, nutrient or non-food compound that is purposefully ingested in additino to the habitually consumed diet with the aim o achieving a specific health and/or performance benefit

Why do athletes take supplements?

Because they're told to do so!

personal testimonials
coaches and trainers
advertisers

because they believe it helps

to improve performance
to prevent illnessess
to compensatefor extra demands during intense training

because competitors use them
as compensation for an inadequate diet

> use has large differences per discipline
> not only in top athletes

AIS supplement classification system =
Group A, B, C, D stand for...

Group A:

supplements for which there is strong scientific evidence for use during exercise.

example: caffein, bicarbonate, B-alanine, glycerol

Group B:

supplement for which there is emerging scientific support

example: curcumin, carnitine

Group C:

supplements for which the scientific evidence in not supportive of benefit amongst athletes

example: magnesium, HMB, co-enyme Q10

Group D:

compounds that are banned or with high risk of contaminatino wth substanced that could lead to a positive doping test

example: anabolic steroids

(nonsteroidal) selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) =

Enhanced tissue selectivity
Bind to the AR with affinity similar to testosterone, but exhibit only partial agonist properties in androgenic tissue

Beta-agonists =
Beta blockers...

Selectvely stimulate the beta-2 receptors (adrenergic)
Therapeutically in use for symptomatic relief in asthma (bronchodilation)

Side effects:

increase of muscle formation and strength
decrease of fat tissue
but.. Tremor

Beta-blockers:
- drugs for use angina pectoris hypertension
- forbidden in competitino for cerain disciplines:

archery
gmnastics

Human growth hormone (GH) =
effects and risks

Effects:

secreted naturally by pituitary; synthetic form used by some athletes
difficult to detect synthetic from natural in drug testing
proven to increase lipolysis and blood glucose levels
changes in muscle mass and strength are found in some studies

Risks:

can cause acromegaly (bone thickening), enlargement of internal organs, muscle and joint weakness, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease
contaminated in past

Stimulants such as caffeine, ephedrine, synephrine, amphetamine =