Read the summary and the most important questions on Political Ideologies | 9780199025602 | H. B. McCullough

• 1 Introduction

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• McCullough's three components of an ideology Descriptive component

  
  - traits, functions, roles
  Describes the ideologies take on the origin of political authority, the favored arrangement and purpose, human nature

• McCullough's three components of an ideology - Motivational Component

  -  beliefs that lead to the values of an ideology.
  Prescriptive aspect: how we should act, values such as justice, human liberties and rights

• McCullough's three components of an ideology - Unfalsifiable or incorrigible component

   information that lead to the beliefs

  • Somewhat dangerous aspect of ideology
  • Believers of it consider it to be the only correct way

• What brought about the beginnings of bureaucracy

   "The Treaty of Westphalia that accelerated the gestation period of “an international system based on a plurality of independent states, recognizing no superior authority over them"" (pg6)

• Early socialism began during

  the industrial revolution (pg7)

• 2 Liberalism

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• Central Beliefs of Liberalism

  • Human nature is rational, self-interested, and acquisitive. 
  • The origin of the state is the social contract. 
  • Liberty as an ideal is the absence of government intervention. 
  • The end of government is equivalent to the role of the night watchman. 
  • Economic organization, at its best, is laissez-faire in nature. 
  • The rights of humans are the rights to life, liberty, and property 

• Characteristic Emotive Tones of Political Ideologies -Classical Liberal:

   reflective and detached

• John Locke develops a political philosophy that encompasses such wide-ranging themes as

  the state of nature, civil society, the social contract, rights of man, majoritarianism, and justifications for rebellion.

• Adam Smith develops an economic perspective that focuses on

  free trade, the abolition of monopolies, man’s motivation, the division of labour, the notion of money, mercan-tilism, physiocracy, and justice.

• Immmanuel  Kant develops a moral philosophy centred on

  the categorical imperative and the ideals of freedom, equality, and autonomy. All of these ideas play a role in his affirmation of what he calls Enlightenment.