- In terms of strengthening checks and balances within assemblies and between executives and assemblies: bicameralism is seen as the central principle of liberal constitutionalism.
Prevents government tyranny.

- In federal states the representative advantages of bicameralism are important: here the sharing if power creates a constant danger of irreconcilable conflict between the centre and the periphery.

- Better legislation (more scrutinized)
- Wider representation

- More streamlined and effective (especially in terms of responding to the needs of small and relatively cohesive societies).
- Less chance to institutional conflict (government gridlock, delays, disagreements)

- Reduced accountability (public accountability requires that a single view is expressed over major issues).

- Conservative bias (second chambers often tip the balance in favour of conservatism and against radical change).

1. They may carry out detailed consideration of legislative measures and financial proposals. --> help to relieve legislative burden on chambers, and more thorough examination.
2. They may be set up to scrutinize government administration and oversee the exercise of executive power.
3. They may investigate matters of public concern.