GI-tract histology
13 important questions on GI-tract histology
Which structural properties are responsible for the large surface of the duodenum?
2. Villi and crypts
3. Microvilli
What is the function of the 2 muscle layers of the muscularis externa in the small intestine
- The fibers of the inner layer of the muscularis externa are ciruclar arranged aroung the intestinal lumen
- Contraction of the inner layer results in decrease of the intestinal diameter and prevents food from traveling backwards
- The fibers of the outer layer are longitudinal directed and contraction results in shortening of the intestinal length -> moving of the food
What is the function of crypts
- production of mucus
- host defence proteins
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Important functions of the globet cells and the muscularis mucosa?
- production of mucus which protect the intestinal epithelium
- enhance contact between the epithelium and the contents of the intestinal lumen
Why are the large blood vessels and a dense network of ganglia located in the submucosa?
Why are more capillaries included in the endocrine pancreas as compared to the exocrine pancreas
- The factors secreted by the exocrine pancreas are transported via ducts to the duodenum for digestion
In which part of the intestine the ductus of the exocrine pancreas ends up?
- In the duodenum, most of the absorption of nutrients takes place
CCK/Secretion exocrine pancreas
- Secreted in response to fat and protein
- induces exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase)
- secreted in response to acid
- Induces secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) to neutralize the acid in the duodenum
Mention a stimulating the secretion of insulin by the endocrine pancreas
- high blood glucose level
Red staning of beta cells in the pancreas
- the blood glucose levels increases -> more insulin will be produced -> stronger insulin staining of the beta cells
- blood glucose levels decerease -> less insulin -> weaker red insulin staining of the beta cells
Is the centro-acinar cell an exocrine or endocrine cell?
- producing + secreting proteins that are released in the ducts, transported in the duodenum + secreted in the intestinal lumen
Which blood vessels are responding for the blood supply of the liver? Why is this construction important for the functioning of the liver?
- The portal vein transports nutrients from the intestine to the liver
- In the liver, many processes like metabolic conversions and elimination of redblood cells + toxic and waste products take place
- The hepatic artery provides oxygen to the liver for energy supply
Why contains the liver both smooth and rough endoplasmatic reticulum?
- large amount of other cellular products (hormones+lipids) -> smooth endoplasmatic reticulum
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