Read the summary and the most important questions on Psychobiologie selectietoets

• 6.1 Visual coding

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• What is the difference between the allele A and a of a gene?

  They are identical in most of their sequence and differ only at one or several nucleotides of the thousands of nucleotides that make up the gene

• When do DNA molecules replicate?

  During the S phase of cell division

• What are 3 ways by which a segment of SNA can be characterized and tracked?

  1. Direct sequencing (sequence alleles (A and a) in the parents and the meiotic products: the result would be that one half of the products would have the A DNA sequence and one half would have the a DNA sequence)
  2. Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphism
  3. PCR

• What is, at a molecular level, the primary phenotype of a gene?

  The protein it produces

• What is a null allele?

  A mutant allele that has no simalarities with the wild-type function (non functioning allele caused by a genetic mutation)

• 6.1.1 General principles of percention

• When do you perceive an object?

  You perceive an object when it emits of reflects energy that stimulates receptors that transmit information to your brain

• In terms of which factors does your brain code information?

  In terms of which neuron respond, their amount of response and the timing of their response

• The law of specific nerve energies

  Whatever excites a particular nerve esthablishes a special kind of energy unique to that nerve / the brain somehow interprets the action potentials from the auditory nerve as sounds etc.

• What does the  'amount of response' mean?

  How many action potentials a neuron sends per unit of time

• 6.1.2 The eye and it´s connections to the brain

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• What is the rear surface of the eye called which is lined with visual receptors?

  Retina